Promazine

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Not to be confused with Bromazine.
Promazine
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.comMicromedex Detailed Consumer Information
MedlinePlusa600010
Drug classTypical antipsychotic
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding94%
Elimination half-life20-40 hr
Identifiers
  • N,N-dimethyl-3-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)-propan-1-amine
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
E number{{#property:P628}}
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Chemical and physical data
FormulaC17H20N2S
Molar mass284.42 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CN(C)CCCN1c2ccccc2Sc3c1cccc3
  • InChI=1S/C17H20N2S/c1-18(2)12-7-13-19-14-8-3-5-10-16(14)20-17-11-6-4-9-15(17)19/h3-6,8-11H,7,12-13H2,1-2H3 checkY
  • Key:ZGUGWUXLJSTTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Promazine (brand name Sparine among others),[2] is used as a short-term add-on treatment for psychomotor agitation.[3][4] Its approved uses in people is limited, but is used as a tranquilizer in veterinary medicine.[3] It has weak antipsychotic effects but is generally not used to treat psychosis.[3]

It acts similar to chlorpromazine and causes sedation.[3] It has predominantly anticholinergic side effects, though extrapyramidal side effects are not uncommon. It belongs to the typical antipsychotic and phenothiazine class of drugs.[5]

Promazine was approved for medical use in the United States in the 1950s, although it is no longer commercially available there.[2][6]

Uses

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Promazine is a short-term add-on treatment for psychomotor agitation.[4]

Adverse effects

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Common side effects include agitation, amenorrhea, arrhythmias, constipation, drowsiness and dizziness, dry mouth, impotence, tiredness, galactorrhoea, gynecomastia, hyperglycemia, insomnia, hypotension, prolonged QT, seizures, tremor, vomiting and weight gain, among others.[4]

Overdose

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In overdose, it may cause hypotension, hypothermia, tachycardia, and arrhythmia.[4]

Sudden death may occur, although rare.[4]

Other animals

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Promazine, given as promazine hydrochloride, is one of the primary tranquilizers used by veterinarians as a pre-anaesthesia injection in horses.[7][8] It does not provide analgesia and is not a very strong sedative, hence it is used combined with opioids or α2 adrenoreceptor agonists, such as clonidine, or both.[8][9] It can be used alone when performing a non-painful procedure such as the fitting a horseshoe.[9] Low blood pressure, fast heart rate and paralysis of the penis are side effects.[7] It is also an antiemetic, antispasmodic and hypothermic agent.[8] Additionally it is used to lower blood pressure in animals with laminitis and kidney failure.[8] It is available in the US for veterinary use under the names Promazine and Tranquazine.[citation needed]

Synthesis

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Synthesis:[10][11][12] Patents:[13][14] ~75%:[15]

References

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  13. ^ US 2519886, Charpentier P, issued Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value)., assigned to Rhône-Poulenc. 
  14. ^ US 3100772, Kantor ML, Samuel T, issued Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value)., assigned to Wyeth LLC. 
  15. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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