VIPR2

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Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2 also known as VPAC2, is a G-protein coupled receptor that in humans is encoded by the VIPR2 gene.[1]

Tissue distribution

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VIPR2 is expressed in the uterus, prostate, smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract, seminal vesicles and skin, blood vessels and thymus.[2][3] VIPR2 is also expressed in the cerebellum.[4]

Function

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Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) are homologous peptides that function as neurotransmitters and neuroendocrine hormones. While the receptors for VIP (VIRP 1 and 2) and PACAP (ADCYAP1R1) share homology, they differ in their substrate specificities and expression patterns.[1] VIPR2 transduction results in upregulation of adenylate cyclase activity.[5] Furthermore, VIPR2 mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of VIP.[6]

Research using VPAC2 knockout mice implicate it in the function of the circadian clock, growth, basal energy expenditure and male reproduction.[7][8][9][10]

VIPR2 and/or PAC1 receptor activation is involved in cutaneous active vasodilation in humans.[11]

Splice variants may modify the immunoregulatory contributions of the VIP-VIPR2 axis.[12]

VIPR2 may contribute to autoregulation and/or coupling within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) core and to control of the SCN shell.[13]

Clinical significance

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VIPR2 may play a role in schizophrenia.[14]

The abnormal expression of VIPR2 messenger RNA in gallbladder tissue may play a role in the formation of gall stones and polyps.[15]

See also

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References

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Further reading

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This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

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