Tindi language
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| Tindi | |
|---|---|
| Идараб мицци Idarab mittsi | |
| Pronunciation | [idarab mitsːi] |
| Native to | North Caucasus |
| Region | Southern Dagestan |
| Ethnicity | Tindi people |
Native speakers | 4,500 (2020 census)[1] |
Northeast Caucasian
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | tin |
| Glottolog | tind1238 |
| ELP | Lua error in Module:Endangered_Languages_Project at line 21: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| File:Northeast Caucasus languages map en.svg Tindi | |
| File:Lang Status 60-DE.svg Tindi is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger | |
Tindi is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken in the Russian republic of Dagestan. Tindis have no individual designation for their language, but those living in the village of Idar call their language Idarab mitstsi meaning 'the language of the Idar village'. It is only an oral language; Avar or Russian are used in written communication instead.[2] Tindi vocabulary contains many loanwords from Avar, Turkish, Arabic, and Russian.[3] It has approximately 4,500 speakers.[1]
Phonology
[edit | edit source]Vowels
[edit | edit source]There are 20 phonemic vowels in Tindi.[4][5]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i iː | u uː | |
| Mid | e eː | o oː | |
| Open | a aː |
Nasalized vowels may also exist as /ĩ, ẽ, ã, õ, ũ/ and as long-nasalized /ĩː, ẽː, ãː, õː, ũː/.
Consonants
[edit | edit source]| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyn- geal |
Glottal | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| central | lateral | central | palatalized | ||||||||||||||
| lenis | fortis | lenis | fortis | lenis | fortis | lenis | fortis | lenis | fortis | lenis | fortis | ||||||
| Nasal | m | n | |||||||||||||||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | kː | kʲ | kʲː | ||||||||||
| ejective | tʼ | kʼ | kʲʼ | ʔ | |||||||||||||
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | ɡʲ | |||||||||||||
| Affricate | voiceless | t͡s | t͡sː | t͡ʃ | t͡ʃː | t͡ɬː | q͡χː | ||||||||||
| ejective | t͡sʼ | t͡sʼː | t͡ʃʼ | t͡ʃʼː | t͡ɬʼː | q͡χʼː | |||||||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | s | sː | ʃ | ʃː | ɬ | ɬː | ç | χ | χː | ħ | h | |||||
| voiced | z | ʒ | ʁ | ʕ | |||||||||||||
| Trill | r | ||||||||||||||||
| Approximant | w | l | j | ||||||||||||||
Orthography
[edit | edit source]Tindi is typically unwritten. A 2003 dictionary uses the following orthography:[6]
| А а | А̄ а̄ | Аᵸ аᵸ | А̄ᵸ а̄ᵸ | Б б | В в | Г г | Г' г' | Гъ гъ |
| Гь гь | ГӀ гӀ | Д д | Е е | Еᵸ еᵸ | Е̄ е̄ | Ж ж | Дж дж | З з |
| И и | Ӣ ӣ | Иᵸ иᵸ | Ӣᵸ ӣᵸ | Й й | К к | Кк кк | К' к' | Кк' кк' |
| КӀ кӀ | КӀ' кӀ' | Л л | Лъ лъ | Лъ' лъ' | Ллъ ллъ | ЛӀ лӀ | М м | Н н |
| О о | О̄ о̄ | Оᵸ оᵸ | П п | С с | C̄ c̄ | Т т | ТӀ тӀ | У у |
| Ӯ ӯ | Уᵸ уᵸ | Ӯᵸ ӯᵸ | Х х | Хх хх | Хъ хъ | Хь хь | Хь' хь' | ХӀ хӀ |
| Ц ц | Цц цц | ЦӀ цӀ | Ч ч | Чч чч | Ш ш | Щ щ | Ъ ъ | Э э |
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ a b Том 5. «Национальный состав и владение языками». Таблица 7. Население наиболее многочисленных национальностей по родному языку
- ^ Tindi language at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
External links
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