Solar eclipse of October 19, 1865
| Annular eclipse | |
| Gamma | 0.5366 |
|---|---|
| Magnitude | 0.9263 |
| Maximum eclipse | |
| Duration | 567 s (9 min 27 s) |
| Coordinates | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
| Max. width of band | 326 km (203 mi) |
| Times (UTC) | |
| Greatest eclipse | 16:21:14 |
| References | |
| Saros | 141 (15 of 70) |
| Catalog # (SE5000) | 9200 |
An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Thursday, October 19, 1865, with a magnitude of 0.9263. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring only about 9 hours after apogee (on October 19, 1865, at 7:05 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.[1]
The path of annularity was visible from parts of modern-day Washington, Oregon, Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, South Dakota, Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas, Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, Arkansas, Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Senegal, Mauritania, and Mali. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for parts of North America, Central America, the Caribbean, northern South America, Western Europe, West Africa.
Description
[edit | edit source]The greatest eclipse was at 16:21:14 UTC (12:21 local time) at 21.3°N 60.2°W northeast of Antigua and Barbuda and lasted 9 min 27 sec. The maximum width of band was 326 km (203 mi).[2]
The eclipse was visible in North America (except for the Yukon, Alaska and the northernmost part of Greenland), Central America, the Caribbean South America including, the northern parts of Peru and Bolivia and most of Brazil, the westernmost parts of Africa and Europe (westernmost Spain and Portugal, Ireland and parts of Scotland). Areas that were in the edge of the eclipse included the Galapagos Islands. In North America, it occurred in the morning, in South America, midday and in Africa and Europe, near the evening hours.[2]
Areas that were inside the umbral portion included the United States such as parts of the north of the state Oregon, Washington Territory (now state), close to the 49th parallel and distant from the Pacific, Idaho, the Cheyenne and the Lakota areas, Nebraska Territory (now state), the states of Kansas, Missouri, southern Illinois, southern Indiana, western Kentucky, much of Tennessee, the northeast corner of Alabama, parts of the north of Georgia, the west of North Carolina and nearly all of South Carolina. Off the coast of Africa, it included the Cape Verdean Islands of Sotavento and Boa Vista Island, at the time a Portuguese colony. In Africa, it included most of Senegal, at the time a French colony, southern Agawedj (or Agaouedj, now Mauritania) and parts of Mali.
Other
[edit | edit source]In many parts of Brazil except for the south, it was the third consecutive solar eclipse that took place, all of it appeared as partial, the last two were on October 30, 1864 and April 25, 1865, both with an umbral portion in one part.
Eclipse details
[edit | edit source]Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the Moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[3]
| Event | Time (UTC) |
|---|---|
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1865 October 19 at 13:25:25.9 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact | 1865 October 19 at 14:37:23.4 UTC |
| First Central Line | 1865 October 19 at 14:41:00.2 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 1865 October 19 at 14:44:39.3 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1865 October 19 at 16:03:30.6 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1865 October 19 at 16:21:13.4 UTC |
| Greatest Duration | 1865 October 19 at 16:26:46.3 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1865 October 19 at 16:27:39.9 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 1865 October 19 at 17:58:00.8 UTC |
| Last Central Line | 1865 October 19 at 18:01:39.5 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 1865 October 19 at 18:05:15.8 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1865 October 19 at 19:17:08.8 UTC |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Eclipse Magnitude | 0.92627 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 0.85798 |
| Gamma | 0.53659 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 13h37m34.8s |
| Sun Declination | -10°09'34.2" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 16'04.2" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.8" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 13h38m06.1s |
| Moon Declination | -09°41'45.0" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 14'42.0" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°53'56.8" |
| ΔT | 5.2 s |
Eclipse season
[edit | edit source]This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
| October 4 Descending node (full moon) |
October 19 Ascending node (new moon) |
|---|---|
| File:SE1865Oct19A.png | |
| Partial lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 115 |
Annular solar eclipse Solar Saros 141 |
Related eclipses
[edit | edit source]Eclipses in 1865
[edit | edit source]- A partial lunar eclipse on April 11.
- A total solar eclipse on April 25.
- A partial lunar eclipse on October 4.
- An annular solar eclipse on October 19.
Metonic
[edit | edit source]- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of December 31, 1861
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 7, 1869
Tzolkinex
[edit | edit source]- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 7, 1858
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of November 30, 1872
Half-Saros
[edit | edit source]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of October 13, 1856
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of October 25, 1874
Tritos
[edit | edit source]- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 20, 1854
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of September 17, 1876
Solar Saros 141
[edit | edit source]- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of October 9, 1847
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of October 30, 1883
Inex
[edit | edit source]- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 9, 1836
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of September 29, 1894
Triad
[edit | edit source]- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of December 18, 1778
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 20, 1952
Solar eclipses of 1862–1866
[edit | edit source]This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[4]
The partial solar eclipses on June 27, 1862 and December 21, 1862 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the partial solar eclipse on March 16, 1866 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.
| Solar eclipse series sets from 1862 to 1866 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascending node | Descending node | |||||
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | |
| 111 | November 21, 1862 File:SE1862Nov21P.gif Partial |
−1.5052 | 116 | May 17, 1863 File:SE1863May17P.gif Partial |
1.0627 | |
| 121 | November 11, 1863 File:SE1863Nov11A.png Annular |
−0.8760 | 126 | May 6, 1864 File:SE1864May06H.gif Hybrid |
0.2622 | |
| 131 | October 30, 1864 File:SE1864Oct30A.gif Annular |
−0.1816 | 136 | April 25, 1865 File:SE1865Apr25T.png Total |
−0.4826 | |
| 141 | October 19, 1865 File:SE1865Oct19A.png Annular |
0.5366 | 146 | April 15, 1866 File:SE1866Apr15P.gif Partial |
−1.1846 | |
| 151 | October 8, 1866 File:SE1866Oct08P.gif Partial |
1.2296 | ||||
Saros 141
[edit | edit source]This eclipse is a part of Saros series 141, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 70 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on May 19, 1613. It contains annular eclipses from August 4, 1739 through October 14, 2640. There are no hybrid or total eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 70 as a partial eclipse on June 13, 2857. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 20 at 12 minutes, 9 seconds on December 14, 1955. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[5]
| Series members 12–33 occur between 1801 and 2200: | ||
|---|---|---|
| 12 | 13 | 14 |
| File:SE1811Sep17A.png September 17, 1811 |
File:SE1829Sep28A.png September 28, 1829 |
File:SE1847Oct09A.png October 9, 1847 |
| 15 | 16 | 17 |
| File:SE1865Oct19A.png October 19, 1865 |
File:SE1883Oct30A.png October 30, 1883 |
File:SE1901Nov11A.png November 11, 1901 |
| 18 | 19 | 20 |
| File:SE1919Nov22A.png November 22, 1919 |
File:SE1937Dec02A.png December 2, 1937 |
File:SE1955Dec14A.png December 14, 1955 |
| 21 | 22 | 23 |
| File:SE1973Dec24A.png December 24, 1973 |
File:SE1992Jan04A.png January 4, 1992 |
File:SE2010Jan15A.png January 15, 2010 |
| 24 | 25 | 26 |
| File:SE2028Jan26A.png January 26, 2028 |
File:SE2046Feb05A.png February 5, 2046 |
File:SE2064Feb17A.png February 17, 2064 |
| 27 | 28 | 29 |
| File:SE2082Feb27A.png February 27, 2082 |
File:SE2100Mar10A.png March 10, 2100 |
File:SE2118Mar22A.png March 22, 2118 |
| 30 | 31 | 32 |
| File:SE2136Apr01A.png April 1, 2136 |
File:SE2154Apr12A.png April 12, 2154 |
File:SE2172Apr23A.png April 23, 2172 |
| 33 | ||
| File:SE2190May04A.png May 4, 2190 | ||
Metonic series
[edit | edit source]The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.
| 25 eclipse events between March 14, 1801 and August 7, 1888 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| March 14–15 | December 31–January 1 | October 19–20 | August 7 | May 26–27 |
| 107 | 109 | 111 | 113 | 115 |
| File:SE1801Mar14P.png March 14, 1801 |
File:SE1805Jan01P.gif January 1, 1805 |
File:SE1808Oct19P.gif October 19, 1808 |
File:SE1812Aug07P.gif August 7, 1812 |
File:SE1816May27A.gif May 27, 1816 |
| 117 | 119 | 121 | 123 | 125 |
| File:SE1820Mar14T.gif March 14, 1820 |
File:SE1824Jan01A.gif January 1, 1824 |
File:SE1827Oct20H.gif October 20, 1827 |
File:SE1831Aug07T.gif August 7, 1831 |
File:SE1835May27A.gif May 27, 1835 |
| 127 | 129 | 131 | 133 | 135 |
| File:SE1839Mar15T.gif March 15, 1839 |
File:SE1842Dec31A.gif December 31, 1842 |
File:SE1846Oct20A.gif October 20, 1846 |
File:SE1850Aug07T.gif August 7, 1850 |
File:SE1854May26A.png May 26, 1854 |
| 137 | 139 | 141 | 143 | 145 |
| File:SE1858Mar15A.gif March 15, 1858 |
File:SE1861Dec31T.gif December 31, 1861 |
File:SE1865Oct19A.png October 19, 1865 |
File:SE1869Aug07T.png August 7, 1869 |
File:SE1873May26P.gif May 26, 1873 |
| 147 | 149 | 151 | 153 | |
| File:SE1877Mar15P.gif March 15, 1877 |
File:SE1880Dec31P.gif December 31, 1880 |
File:SE1884Oct19P.gif October 19, 1884 |
File:SE1888Aug07P.gif August 7, 1888 | |
Tritos series
[edit | edit source]This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
The partial solar eclipse on November 4, 2116 (part of Saros 164) is also a part of this series but is not included in the table below.
Inex series
[edit | edit source]This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2200 | ||
|---|---|---|
| File:SE1807Nov29H.gif November 29, 1807 (Saros 139) |
File:SE1836Nov09T.gif November 9, 1836 (Saros 140) |
File:SE1865Oct19A.png October 19, 1865 (Saros 141) |
| File:SE1894Sep29T.gif September 29, 1894 (Saros 142) |
File:SE1923Sep10T.png September 10, 1923 (Saros 143) |
File:SE1952Aug20A.png August 20, 1952 (Saros 144) |
| File:SE1981Jul31T.png July 31, 1981 (Saros 145) |
File:SE2010Jul11T.png July 11, 2010 (Saros 146) |
File:SE2039Jun21A.png June 21, 2039 (Saros 147) |
| File:SE2068May31T.png May 31, 2068 (Saros 148) |
File:SE2097May11T.png May 11, 2097 (Saros 149) |
File:Saros150 23van71 SE2126Apr22A.jpg April 22, 2126 (Saros 150) |
| File:SE2155Apr02A.png April 2, 2155 (Saros 151) |
File:Saros152 22van70 SE2184Mar12T.jpg March 12, 2184 (Saros 152) |
|
See also
[edit | edit source]- List of solar eclipses in the 19th century
- List of solar eclipses visible from the United States
- List of solar eclipses visible from the Atlantic Ocean
- List of solar eclipses visible from Brazil
References
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