Kagwahiva language
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|
| Kawahíva | |
|---|---|
| Kagwahiva, Kawahib | |
| Native to | Brazil |
| Region | Mato Grosso and Rondônia |
| Ethnicity | (see varieties below) |
Native speakers | 560 (2024)[1] |
Tupian
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Variously:pah – Tenharim–Parintintínurz – Uru-eu-wau-waukuq – Karipuná (confuses Kawahib with Jau-Navo)jua – Júmaxmo – Morerebitkf – ? Tukumanféd (unattested)paf – Paranawátadw – Amondawa |
| Glottolog | kawa1296 |
| ELP | Lua error in Module:Endangered_Languages_Project at line 21: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| Júma | |
Kawahíva (Kawahíb, Kagwahib) is a Tupi–Guarani dialect cluster of Brazil.
The Tenharim (self-designation, Pyri 'near, together'), Parintintín, Jiahúi, Amondawa, Karipúna,[a] Uru-eu-wau-wau (self-designation Jupaú), Piripkúra, and Capivarí all call themselves Kawahíva. Their speech is mutually intelligible, and also similar with other languages or dialects now extinct. The closest Tupí-Guaraní language seems to be Apiaká †,[2] spoken in Mato Grosso.
Varieties
[edit | edit source]There are different internal classifications of the pan-Kawahíwa, which differ in, e.g., whether Kayabí and Apiaká should be included as part of the dialectal cluster. The one listed in Aguilar (2013, 2018) follows:[3][4]
- Kawahíwa
- Northern
- Southern
- Jupaú (Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau)
- Amondawa
- Karipuna
- Apiaká
- Kayabí (Kawaiwete)
- Piripkura
- isolated groups[clarification needed]
Languages spoken in north-central Rondônia are Karipúna, Uru-eu-wau-wau (Jupaú), Amondawa, and unidentified varieties by some isolated groups. Languages spoken in northeastern Mato Grosso and southern Pará are Apiaká, Kayabí, Piripkúra, and unidentified varieties by some isolated groups.
Phonology
[edit | edit source]Phonemic inventory of the Tenharim dialect:[5]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i ĩ | ɨ ɨ̃ | u ũ |
| Mid | e ẽ | o õ | |
| Low | a ã |
- /a, ã/ are heard as [ə, ə̃] in unstressed syllables.
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | labial | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ŋʷ | |
| Stop/Affricate | p | t | t͡ʃ | k | kʷ | ʔ |
| Fricative | β | h | ||||
| Rhotic | ɾ | |||||
- /ɲ/ can be heard as [j] when in unstressed positions.
- /β/ can also be heard as [w].
Notes
[edit | edit source]- ^ not to be confused with either the Panoan group or the Carib-based creole spoken in the state of Amapá, which have the same name.
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Aguilar, A. M. G. C. 2013. Contribuições Etnolinguísticas e Histórico-Comparativas para os estudos sobre os povos e as línguas Kawahíwa. Tese (Exame de Qualificação de Doutorado), PPGL/UnB.
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
Further reading
[edit | edit source]- dos Santos, W. N. (2024). Topics on the syntax of Kawahíva: A Tupí-Guaraní language from the Brazilian Amazon. Doctor's Thesis. University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7n3020c1
External links
[edit | edit source]- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- Portal Japiim (online dictionary)