Southern Altai language
You can help expand this article with text translated from [[:ru:Lua error in Module:WikidataIB at line 482: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).|the corresponding article]] in русский. (October 2024) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
|
| Southern Altai | |
|---|---|
| Oirot, Oyrot (before 1948), Altai-Kizhi | |
| тÿштÿк алтай тил, tüştük altay til ойрот тил (before 1948) | |
| File:Southern Altai language.png | |
| Native to | Russia |
| Region | Altai Republic |
| Ethnicity | Altai-Kizhi |
Native speakers | 68,700 (2020)[1] |
| Dialects | |
| Cyrillic | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | alt |
| ISO 639-3 | alt |
| Glottolog | sout2694 |
| ELP | Lua error in Module:Endangered_Languages_Project at line 21: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| File:Altay.svg Southern Altai | |
| File:Lang Status 60-DE.svg Southern Altay is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger[5] | |
Southern Altai (also known as Oirot, Oyrot, Altai and Altai proper) is a Turkic language spoken in the Altai Republic, a federal subject of Russia located in Southern Siberia on the border with Mongolia and China. The language has some mutual intelligibility with the Northern Altai language, leading to the two being traditionally considered as a single language. According to modern classifications—at least since the middle of the 20th century—they are considered to be two separate languages.[6]
Written Altai is based on Southern Altai. According to some reports, however, it is rejected by Northern Altai children. Dialects include Altai Proper and Talangit.[7]
Classification
[edit | edit source]Southern Altai is a member of the Turkic language family. Within this family, there have been various attempts to classify Altai, and not all of them agree as to its position as it has a number of ambiguous characteristics.[8] Due to certain similarities with Kyrgyz, some scholars group Altai with the Kyrgyz–Kipchak subgroup of the Kipchak languages.[2][3][9]
Geographic distribution
[edit | edit source]Southern Altai is primarily spoken in the Altai Republic, where it has official status alongside Russian.
Dialects
[edit | edit source]Baskakov identifies three dialects of Southern Altai, some of which have distinctive sub-varieties:[2]
Some sources consider Telengit and Teleut to be distinct languages.[10][11]
Phonology
[edit | edit source]Southern Altai has 8 vowels, which may be long or short, and 20 consonants, plus marginal consonants that occur only in loan words.[12]
Vowels
[edit | edit source]| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i y | ɯ u |
| Low | e ø | a o |
Consonants
[edit | edit source]| Labial | Alveolar | Post-alveloar | Velar | Uvular | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p b | t d | tʃ ɟ | k ɡ | q |
| Affricate | (ts) | ||||
| Fricative | f v | s z | ʃ ʒ | (x) ɣ | |
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||
| Trill | r | ||||
| Approximant | l | j | |||
Phonemes in parentheses occur only in Russian loanwords.
Writing system
[edit | edit source]Southern Altai employs a version of the Cyrillic alphabet with additional characters to represent sounds not found in Russian.[13]
| А а | Б б | В в | Г г | Д д | Ј ј | Е е |
| Ё ё | Ж ж | З з | И и | Й й | К к | Л л |
| М м | Н н | Ҥ ҥ | О о | Ӧ ӧ | П п | Р р |
| С с | Т т | У у | Ӱ ӱ | Ф ф | Х х | Ц ц |
| Ч ч | Ш ш | Щ щ | Ъ ъ | Ы ы | Ь ь | Э э |
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ a b c Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Raymond G. Gordon, Jr, ed. 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 15th edition. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
External links
[edit | edit source]
.svg){kind=link}
Lua error in Module:Authority_control at line 153: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
