Karluk languages
| Karluk | |
|---|---|
| Qarluq, Southeastern Turkic, Turkestan Turkic | |
| Geographic distribution | Central Asia |
| Linguistic classification | Turkic
|
Early forms | |
| Subdivisions | |
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | uygh1241 |
| ELP | Lua error in Module:Endangered_Languages_Project at line 21: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| File:Karluk Turkic Languages distribution map.png Uzbek Uyghur Ili | |
The Karluk or Qarluq languages are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family that developed from the varieties spoken by Karluks.[1] By far the largest languages of this branch are Uzbek and Uyghur.
Many Middle Turkic works were written in these languages. The language of the Kara-Khanid Khanate was known as Turki, Ferghani, Kashgari or Khaqani. The language of the Chagatai Khanate was the Chagatai language.
Karluk Turkic was once spoken in the Kara-Khanid Khanate, Chagatai Khanate, Timurid Empire, Mughal Empire, Yarkent Khanate and the Uzbek-speaking Khanate of Bukhara, Emirate of Bukhara, Kokand Khanate, Khiva Khanate, Maimana Khanate.[2]
Classification
[edit | edit source]Languages
[edit | edit source]- Uzbek – spoken by the Uzbeks; approximately 44 million speakers [3]
- Uyghur – spoken by the Uyghurs; approximately 8–11 million speakers [4]
- Ili Turki – moribund language spoken by Ili Turks, who are legally recognized as a subgroup of Uzbeks; 120 speakers and decreasing (1980)
- Chagatai – extinct language which was once widely spoken in Central Asia and remained the shared literary language there until the early 20th century.
- Karakhanid – literary language of the Kara-Khanid Khanate that is considered a standard form of Middle Turkic.[5]
- Khorezmian Turkic – literary language of the Golden Horde that is considered a preliminary stage of the Chagatai language.
| Proto-Turkic | Common Turkic | Karluk | Western | |
| Eastern | ||||
| Old |
Glottolog v.5.2 refers to the Karluk languages as "Turkestan" and classifies them as follows:[6]
| Turkestan |
| ||||||||||||
References
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- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Uzbek at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Northern at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Southern at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Glottlog 5.0 places this with Old Turkic.
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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