Lower Chulym dialect
| Lower Chulym | |
|---|---|
| Ӧс (июс) тили | |
| Native to | Russia |
| Region | Siberia |
| Ethnicity | Lower Chulyms |
| Extinct | 2011[1] |
Turkic
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
clw-low | |
| Glottolog | chul1246 |
| ELP | Lua error in Module:Endangered_Languages_Project at line 21: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
Lower Chulym is a Turkic dialect of Chulym formerly spoken by the Chulyms on the lower course of the Chulym river and its tributaries, the Kiya and the Yaya in Russia. It went extinct in 2011. It is sometimes grouped with Northern Altai and the Kondoma dialect of Shor, due to similarities.
Research
[edit | edit source]When the Russian researcher Dulzon began to study Lower Chulym in the 1940s, the Lower Chulym Turks numbered no more than 250. In the 1990s, their Russification was nearly complete. The language is today, with no doubt, extinct.[2]
Classification
[edit | edit source]Lower Chulym is classified in the Siberian group of Turkic languages. Russian linguists consider it to be a dialect of Chulym, together with Middle Chulym. However, this question is still open.
It is sometimes classed with Northern Altai and the Kondoma dialect of Shor in a Northern Altai group. This is due to the Lower Chulym reflex of Proto-Turkic -d- as -j-, for example proto-Turkic *adak 'leg' as айақ, ajaq 'leg', versus Middle Chulym азақ, azaq. It also bears similarities with the Tom and Baraba dialects of Siberian Tatar.
A third Turkic variety, Küärik, was spoken in the Chulym basin, north of Mariinsk. It is known from the work of Radloff, which comes from around 1900. This dialect, which had disappeared by the time of Dulzon in 1940, was considered by Radloff to be identical to Lower Chulym.[3]
Phonology
[edit | edit source]Key: K - Küärik, LC - Lower Chulym
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | nʲ (K) | ŋ | |||
| Stop | voiceless | p | t | tʲ (LC) | k | ʔ | |
| voiced | b | d | g | ||||
| Fricative | voiceless | s | ʃ | x | h | ||
| voiced | v | z | ʒ | ɣ | (ʁ) | ||
| Affricate | voiceless | t͡s | t͡ʃ | ||||
| voiced | d͡z (LC) | ||||||
| Approximant | l | j | |||||
| Rhotic | r | ||||||
Vocabulary
[edit | edit source]The words for the numerals 80 and 90 are сексон and тоқсон, in contrast to сегизон/сегизен and тоғузон/тоғузан for the rest of the Northern Altai group, being an isogloss with Khalaj, Middle Chulym, Kipchak (except for Southern Altai), Karluk and Oghuz.
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Pomorska 2004, p. 13.
- ^ Pomorska 2004, p. 12, note.
Sources
[edit | edit source]- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
External links
[edit | edit source]- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).[This citation is dated, and should be substituted with a specific edition of Ethnologue]
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