Radical 51
| 干 | |
|---|---|
Radical 51 (U+2F32)
| |
| 干 (U+5E72) "oppose, dried" | |
| Pronunciations | |
| Pinyin: | gān |
| Bopomofo: | ㄍㄢ |
| Gwoyeu Romatzyh: | gan |
| Wade–Giles: | kan1 |
| Cantonese Yale: | gōn |
| Jyutping: | gon1 |
| Pe̍h-ōe-jī: | kan |
| Japanese Kana: | カン kan (on'yomi) ほす hosu (kun'yomi) |
| Sino-Korean: | 간 gan |
| Names | |
| Japanese name(s): | 干/ほす hosu 干/かん kan 一十/いちじゅう ichijū (chiefly primary education) |
| Hangul: | 방패 banpae |
| Stroke order animation | |
| File:干-order.gif | |
Radical 51 or radical dry (干部) meaning "oppose" or "dried" is one of 31 out of the total 214 Kangxi radicals written with three strokes.
There are only nine characters derived from this radical, and some modern dictionaries have discontinued its use as a section header. In such characters that comprise 干 as a component, it mostly takes a purely phonetic role, as in 肝 "liver" (which falls under radical 130 肉 "meat").
干 is also the 27th indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China.
Evolution
[edit | edit source]-
Oracle bone script character
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Bronze script character
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Large Seal Script character
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Small Seal Script character
In origin, the character may depict either a pestle or a shield.[citation needed] It can be traced to the seal script.
Derived characters
[edit | edit source]| Strokes | Characters |
|---|---|
| + 0 | 干 |
| + 2 | 平SC/TC/JP/平KO |
| + 3 | 年 幵 并 (also SC form of 並 -> 一 / 併 -> 人) |
| + 5 | 幷/幷Kangxi (=并) 幸 |
| +10 | 幹 |
In simplified Chinese
[edit | edit source]As a character (not a radical), 干 has risen to new importance, and even notoriety due to the 20th-century Chinese writing reform. In simplified Chinese, 干 takes the place of a number of other characters with the phonetic value gān or gàn, e.g. of 乾 "dry" or 幹 "trunk, body", so that 干 may today take a wide variety of meanings.
The high frequency and polysemy of the character poses a serious problem for Chinese translation software. The word 幹 gàn "tree trunk; to do" (rarely also "human body"), rendered as 干 in simplified Chinese, acquired the meaning of "to fuck" in Chinese slang. Notoriously, the 2002 edition of the widespread Jinshan Ciba Chinese-to-English dictionary for the Jinshan Kuaiyi translation software rendered every occurrence of 干 as "fuck", resulting in a large number of signs with irritating English translations throughout China, often mistranslating 乾 gān "dried" as in 干果 "dried fruit" in supermarkets as "fuck the fruits" or similar.[1]
Sinogram
[edit | edit source]The radical is also used as an independent Chinese character. It is one of the Kyōiku kanji or Kanji taught in elementary school in Japan.[2] It is a fifth grade kanji.[2]
See also
[edit | edit source]References
[edit | edit source]- ^ Victor Mair, The Etiology and Elaboration of a Flagrant Mistranslation, Language Log, December 2007.
- ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
Literature
[edit | edit source]- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- Leyi Li: "Tracing the Roots of Chinese Characters: 500 Cases". Beijing 1993, Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- Rick Harbaugh, Chinese Characters: A Genealogy and Dictionary, Yale University Press (1998), Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value)..[1]
External links
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