October 1940 lunar eclipse
| Penumbral eclipse | |||||||||
 The Moon's hourly motion shown right to left | |||||||||
| Date | October 16, 1940 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gamma | −1.1925 | ||||||||
| Magnitude | −0.3749 | ||||||||
| Saros cycle | 145 (7 of 71) | ||||||||
| Penumbral | 247 minutes, 58 seconds | ||||||||
| |||||||||
A penumbral lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Wednesday, October 16, 1940,[1] with an umbral magnitude of −0.3749. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring only about 21 hours after apogee (on October 15, 1940, at 11:00 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.[2]
Visibility
[edit | edit source]The eclipse was completely visible over North America and western South America, seen rising over East Asia and Australia and setting over eastern South America, West Africa, and Western Europe.[3]
| File:Lunar eclipse from moon-1940Oct16.png Error creating thumbnail: |
Eclipse details
[edit | edit source]Shown below is a table displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. It describes various parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[4]
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Penumbral Magnitude | 0.71567 |
| Umbral Magnitude | −0.37489 |
| Gamma | −1.19248 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 13h24m23.2s |
| Sun Declination | -08°52'19.1" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 16'03.0" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.8" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 01h25m35.5s |
| Moon Declination | +07°50'26.8" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 14'43.0" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°54'00.7" |
| ΔT | 24.7 s |
Eclipse season
[edit | edit source]This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
| October 1 Ascending node (new moon) |
October 16 Descending node (full moon) |
|---|---|
| File:SE1940Oct01T.png | Error creating thumbnail: |
| Total solar eclipse Solar Saros 133 |
Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 145 |
Related eclipses
[edit | edit source]Eclipses in 1940
[edit | edit source]- A penumbral lunar eclipse on March 23.
- An annular solar eclipse on April 7.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on April 22.
- A total solar eclipse on October 1.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on October 16.
Metonic
[edit | edit source]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of December 28, 1936
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of August 4, 1944
Tzolkinex
[edit | edit source]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of September 4, 1933
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of November 28, 1947
Half-Saros
[edit | edit source]- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of October 11, 1931
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of October 21, 1949
Tritos
[edit | edit source]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of November 17, 1929
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of September 15, 1951
Lunar Saros 145
[edit | edit source]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of October 6, 1922
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of October 27, 1958
Inex
[edit | edit source]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of November 6, 1911
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of September 25, 1969
Triad
[edit | edit source]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of December 15, 1853
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of August 17, 2027
Lunar eclipses of 1937–1940
[edit | edit source]This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of lunar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[5]
The penumbral lunar eclipse on March 23, 1940 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.
Saros 145
[edit | edit source]This eclipse is a part of Saros series 145, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a penumbral lunar eclipse on August 11, 1832. It contains partial eclipses from February 24, 2157 through June 3, 2319; total eclipses from June 14, 2337 through November 13, 2589; and a second set of partial eclipses from November 25, 2607 through June 21, 2950. The series ends at member 71 as a penumbral eclipse on September 16, 3094.
The longest duration of totality will be produced by member 34 at 104 minutes, 21 seconds on August 7, 2427. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[6]
| Greatest | First | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The greatest eclipse of the series will occur on 2427 Aug 07, lasting 104 minutes, 21 seconds.[7] | Penumbral | Partial | Total | Central |
| 1832 Aug 11 |
2157 Feb 24 |
2337 Jun 14 |
2373 Jul 05 | |
| Last | ||||
| Central | Total | Partial | Penumbral | |
| 2499 Sep 19 |
2589 Nov 13 |
2950 Jun 21 |
3094 Sep 16 | |
Eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
Tritos series
[edit | edit source]This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
Inex series
[edit | edit source]This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2200 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1825 Jan 04 (Saros 141) |
1853 Dec 15 (Saros 142) |
1882 Nov 25 (Saros 143) | |||
| 1911 Nov 06 (Saros 144) |
1940 Oct 16 (Saros 145) |
1969 Sep 25 (Saros 146) | |||
| File:Lunar eclipse chart close-1911Nov06.png | File:Lunar eclipse from moon-1911Nov06.png | Error creating thumbnail: | File:Lunar eclipse from moon-1940Oct16.png | File:Lunar eclipse chart close-1969Sep25.png | File:Lunar eclipse from moon-1969Sep25.png |
| 1998 Sep 06 (Saros 147) |
2027 Aug 17 (Saros 148) |
2056 Jul 26 (Saros 149) | |||
| File:Lunar eclipse chart close-1998Sep06.png | File:Lunar eclipse from moon-1998Sep06.png | File:Lunar eclipse chart close-2027Aug17.png | File:Lunar eclipse from moon-2027Aug17.png | File:Lunar eclipse chart close-2056Jul26.png | File:Lunar eclipse from moon-2056Jul26.png |
| 2085 Jul 07 (Saros 150) |
2114 Jun 18 (Saros 151) |
2143 May 28 (Saros 152) | |||
| 2172 May 08 (Saros 153) | |||||
Half-Saros cycle
[edit | edit source]A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros).[8] This lunar eclipse is related to two partial solar eclipses of Solar Saros 152.
| October 11, 1931 | October 21, 1949 |
|---|---|
| File:SE1931Oct11P.png | File:SE1949Oct21P.png |
See also
[edit | edit source]Notes
[edit | edit source]- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Listing of Eclipses of series 145
- ^ Mathematical Astronomy Morsels, Jean Meeus, p.110, Chapter 18, The half-saros
External links
[edit | edit source]- 1940 Oct 16 chart Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC
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