Lower Chinook
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 | This article should specify the language of its non-English content using {{lang}} or {{langx}}, {{transliteration}} for transliterated languages, and {{IPA}} for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate ISO 639 code. Wikipedia's multilingual support templates may also be used - notably chh for Chinook. (December 2024) |
| Lower Chinook | |
|---|---|
| Tsinúk | |
| Native to | United States |
| Region | Columbia River Valley |
| Ethnicity | 140 lower Chinook (2000 census)[1] |
| Extinct | 1930s[2] |
Chinookan
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | chh |
| Glottolog | chin1286 |
| ELP | Lua error in Module:Endangered_Languages_Project at line 21: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
Lower Chinook is an extinct Chinookan language historically spoken at the mouth of the Columbia River on the west coast of North America.
Dialects
[edit | edit source]- Clatsop (Tlatsop) was spoken in northwestern Oregon around the mouth of the Columbia River and the Clatsop Plains (†).
- Shoalwater (also known as Chinook proper), extinct (†) since the 1930s. Shoalwater was spoken in southwestern Washington around southern Willapa Bay.
Chinook Jargon is partially based on Chinook.
Comparison to Kathlamet and Upper Chinook
[edit | edit source]Lower Chinook shares many cognates with the Upper Chinook and Kathlamet languages.
| English | Lower Chinook[3] [unreliable source?] | Kathlamet[4][unreliable source?] | Upper Chinook[5][unreliable source?] |
|---|---|---|---|
| One | Ixt | Ixat | Ixt |
| Two | Môkst | Môkct | Môkčt |
| Three | Łun | Łon | Łun |
| Four | Lakt | Lakt | Lakt |
| Five | Kwanm | Quinum | Gwεnεm |
| Man | Łkwalipx | Lxam | Ikala |
| Woman | Ła'akil | Aqakilak | Agagilak |
| Sun | O'ołax | Aqałax | Agałax |
| Moon | Okłumin | Akłemin | Akulmin |
| Water | Łtsuq | Łtcuqoa | Iłčqoa |
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ Lower Chinook at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Campbell (1997) American Indian Languages; Mithun (2001) The Languages of Native North America
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- Chinook (Tsinúk) at Omniglot. Retrieved 2017-06-23
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