Crescentchest
| Melanopareia | |
|---|---|
| File:Melanopareia torquata - Collared Crescentchest.JPG | |
| Collared crescentchest (Melanopareia torquata) | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Parvorder: | Furnariida |
| Family: | Melanopareiidae Ericson et al 2010 |
| Genus: | Melanopareia Reichenbach, 1853 |
| Type species | |
| Synallaxis maximiliani[1] d'Orbigny, 1835
| |
| Species | |
|
5, see text | |
The crescentchests are a genus, Melanopareia, of suboscine passerine birds from South America. The genus has long been placed with the tapaculos in the family Rhinocryptidae. Their placement there has been questioned and in 2007 the genus was placed in its own family, Melanopareiidae, by the South American Classification Committee.[2] Subsequently, the family was accepted by the International Ornithological Congress Bird List and the Clements Checklist.[3][4] The family Melanopareiidae was formally erected in 2009.[5]
Taxonomy
[edit | edit source]The genus Melanopareia was introduced in 1853 by the German naturalist Ludwig Reichenbach.[6] He listed two species in the genus but did not specify the type; in 1855 the English zoologist George Gray selected Synallaxis maximiliani D'Orbigny, (olive-crowned crescentchest) as the type species.[7][8] The genus name combines the Ancient Greek μελας/melas, μελανος/melanos meaning "black" with παρηιον/parēion meaning "cheek".[9]
The crescentchests range in length from 14 to 16 cm (5.5–6.3 in), in weight from 16 to 23 g (0.56–0.81 oz) and have relatively long tails compared to the tapaculos. The plumage is striking with a distinctive band across the chest that gives the group their name.[10]
The crescentchests are birds of arid scrub. They generally forage on the ground, but their diet has not yet been recorded. Two species, the collared crescentchest and olive-crowned crescentchest, are widely distributed across central and southern Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and northern Argentina. The other two species, the elegant crescentchest and Marañón crescentchest, have a more restricted distribution in Peru and Ecuador.[10]
Little is known about the behaviour of the crescentchests. The only species about which anything is known about the breeding behaviour is the olive-crowned crescentchest. That species is a seasonal breeder. The nest of that species is a 15 cm high cup made of vegetable fibres and palm fronds, hidden in grasses or low shrubs close to the ground. The clutch size is two to three eggs, the eggs are white with blotches or black spots.[10]
No species of crescentchest is considered by the IUCN to be threatened by human activities, but the Marañón crescentchest is listed as near threatened. Although the species is apparently tolerant of some disturbance it has a tiny global range and is uncommon even within that range.[10]
Species
[edit | edit source]The genus contains the following four species:[11]
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Collared crescentchest | Melanopareia torquata (Wied, 1831) Three subspecies
|
northeastern Bolivia, central Brazil, and northern Paraguay. Map of range |
Size: Habitat: Diet: |
LC
|
| Olive-crowned crescentchest
File:Melanopareia maximiliani - Olive-crowned crescentchest.jpg |
Melanopareia maximiliani (D'Orbigny, 1835) Three subspecies
|
Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay. Map of range |
Size: Habitat: Diet: |
LC
|
| Marañón crescentchest
File:Marañón Crescentchest imported from iNaturalist photo 114835231 on 5 August 2024.jpg |
Melanopareia maranonica Chapman, 1924 |
southern Ecuador and northern Peru. Map of range |
Size: Habitat: Diet: |
LC
|
| Elegant crescentchest
File:Elegant Crescent-chest - South Ecuador S4E9216 (16644372590).jpg |
Melanopareia elegans (Lesson, 1844) Two subspecies
|
Ecuador and Peru. Map of range |
Size: Habitat: Diet: |
LC
|
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References
[edit | edit source]- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Cadena, C (2006) Proposal #239) to South American Classification Committee: Remove Melanopareia from the Rhinocryptidae and create family Melanopareiidae Archived 2008-05-16 at the Wayback Machine. Downloaded 9 October 2008
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External links
[edit | edit source]- Error creating thumbnail: File missing Media related to Lua error in Module:Commons_link at line 62: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). at Wikimedia Commons
- File:Wikispecies-logo.svg Data related to Crescentchest at Wikispecies
- Crescentchests Don Roberson's Bird Families of the World.
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