Cervical plexus
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| Cervical plexus | |
|---|---|
 Dermatome distribution of the trigeminal nerve (Superficial cervical plexus visible in purple, at center bottom.) | |
| Details | |
| From | C1-C4 |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | plexus cervicalis |
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| TH | {{#property:P1694}} |
| TE | {{#property:P1693}} |
| FMA | {{#property:P1402}} |
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy [[[d:Lua error in Module:Wikidata at line 865: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).|edit on Wikidata]]] | |
The cervical plexus is a nerve plexus of the anterior rami of the first (i.e. upper-most) four cervical spinal nerves C1-C4.[1][2][3][4] The cervical plexus provides motor innervation to some muscles of the neck, and the diaphragm; it provides sensory innervation to parts of the head, neck, and chest.[1]
Anatomy
[edit | edit source]They are located laterally to the transverse processes between prevertebral muscles from the medial side and vertebral (m. scalenus, m. levator scapulae, m. splenius cervicis) from lateral side. There is anastomosis with accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve and sympathetic trunk. It is located in the neck, deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle.[5]
The branches of the cervical plexus emerge from the posterior triangle at the nerve point, a point which lies midway on the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid.
Relations
[edit | edit source]The cervical plexus is situated deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, internal jugular vein, and deep cervical fascia.[1]
It is situated anterior to the middle scalene muscle, and levator scapulae muscle.[1]
Branches
[edit | edit source]The cervical plexus has two types of branches: cutaneous and muscular.[3]
- Cutaneous (4 branches):
- Lesser occipital nerve - innervates the skin and the scalp posterosuperior to the auricle (C2)
- Great auricular nerve - innervates skin near concha auricle (outer ear) and external acoustic meatus (ear canal) (C2-C3)
- Transverse cervical nerve - innervates anterior region of neck (C2 and C3)
- Supraclavicular nerves - innervate the skin above and below the clavicle (C3-C4)[6] [clarification needed]
- Muscular
- Ansa cervicalis - a loop formed by C1-C3 that supplies most infrahyoid (a.k.a. "strap") muscles (sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid muscles) etc.
- Nerve to thyrohyoid - fibres from C1 that run with the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII) and do not participate in the formation of the superior root of ansa cervicalis, instead continuing for some further distance to reach and innervate the thyrohyoid muscle and the geniohyoid muscle.
- Phrenic (C3-C5, but mostly C4) - innervates thoracic diaphragm and the pericardium.
- Segmental branches (C1-C4) - innervate anterior and middle scalene muscles
- Levator scapulae muscle (C3-C4) (also innervated by dorsal scapular nerve (C5) of the brachial plexus)
Diagram
[edit | edit source]
Additional images
[edit | edit source]-
Plan of the cervical plexus. -
The nerves of the scalp, face, and side of neck. -
The right sympathetic chain and its connections with the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic plexuses. -
Side of neck, showing chief surface markings.
References
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- ^ Clinically Oriented Anatomy by Moore and Dally's
External links
[edit | edit source]- Anatomy figure: 25:03-02 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Diagram of the cervical plexus"
- MedicalMnemonics.com: 268
- Diagram at msu.edu Archived 2019-06-03 at the Wayback Machine
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