Achawa language
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| Achagua | |
|---|---|
| Achawa | |
| Native to | Colombia |
| Region | Meta Department |
| Ethnicity | Achagua people |
Native speakers | (250 cited 2000)[1] |
Arawakan
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | aca Achagua |
| Glottolog | acha1250 Achaguapona1251 Ponares |
| ELP | Lua error in Module:Endangered_Languages_Project at line 21: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| File:Achagua.png | |
| File:Lang Status 40-SE.svg Achagua is classified as Severely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. | |
Achagua, or Achawa (Achagua: Achawa), is an Arawakan language spoken in the Meta Department of Colombia, similar to Piapoco. It is estimated that 250 individuals speak the language, many of whom also speak Piapoco or Spanish.[1]
"Achagua is a language of the Maipurean Arawakan group traditionally spoken by the Achagua people of Venezuela and east-central Colombia."[2]
A "Ponares" language is inferred from surnames, and may have been Achawa or Piapoco.
There is 1–5% literacy in Achagua.[1]
Phonology
[edit | edit source]Consonants
[edit | edit source]| Labial | Dental/ Alveolar |
Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | tʃ | k | ||
| voiced | b | d | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | |||||
| Fricative | s̪ | ʝ | h | ||||
| Trill | r | ||||||
| Approximant | w | ɭ | |||||
- /n/ is realized as [ɲ] when preceding palatal consonants.
- /k/ is palatalized [kʲ] when preceding /i/.
- Sounds /b, d/ are preglottalized [ˀb, ˀd] within accented syllables or after accented syllables.
- /b/ is realized as [β] when occurring intervocalically.
- /w/ is realized as [β] when preceding /i/.
- /s̪/ is realized as [ʃ] when preceding /i/.
- /ʝ/ is heard as an affricate [dʒ] in word-initial positions. It can also be realized as a glide [j] freely in intervocalic positions.
- /ɭ/ can be heard as a flap [ɾ] in free variation before /i/.[3]
Vowels
[edit | edit source]| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |
| Mid | e | o | |
| Low | a |
List of words
[edit | edit source]| English | Spanish | Achagua | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| One | Uno | Báque | [4] |
| Two | Dos | Chámai | |
| Three | Tres | Matálii | |
| Four | Cuatro | Kuátru | |
| Five | Cinco | Abakáahi | |
| Black | Negro | Kachajulai | |
| Canoe | Canoa | Íida | |
| Dog | Perro | Áuli | |
| Father | Padre | Nusálihina | |
| Man | Hombre | Washiaáli | |
| Moon | Luna | Quéerri | |
| Mother | Madre | Nutúwa | |
| Sun | Sol | Cáiwia | |
| Water | Agua | Shiátai | |
| White | Blanco | Kabalai |
Notes
[edit | edit source]- ^ a b c Achagua at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
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External links
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- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- OLAC resources in and about the Achagua language
- Achagua on Native Languages of the Americas
- Listen to a sample of Achagua from Global Recordings Network
- The Archive of Indigenous Languages of Latin America https://www.ailla.utexas.org/islandora/search/Achagua?type=dismax Archived 2019-04-11 at the Wayback Machine
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