Warluwarra language
(Redirected from Warluwara Sign Language)
| Warluwarra | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Australia |
| Region | Queensland |
| Ethnicity | Waluwara |
| Extinct | 2010s[1] |
Pama–Nyungan
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Warluwara Sign Language | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | wrb |
| Glottolog | warl1256 |
| AIATSIS[1] | G10 |
| ELP | Lua error in Module:Endangered_Languages_Project at line 21: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
Warluwarra is an extinct[2] Australian Aboriginal language of Queensland. Waluwarra (also known as Warluwarra, Walugara, and Walukara) is the traditional language region in the local government area of Shire of Boulia, including Walgra Station and Wolga, from Roxborough Downs north to Carandotta Station and Urandangi on the Georgina River, on Moonah Creek to Rochedale, south-east of Pituri Creek.[3]
Sign
[edit | edit source]The Warluwara had a developed signed form of their language.[4]
Phonology
[edit | edit source]Consonants
[edit | edit source]| Labial | Velar | Dental | Lamino- alveolar |
Apico- alveolar |
Retroflex | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voiceless stop | p | k | t̪ | t̠ʲ | t | ʈ |
| Voiced stop | b | ɡ | d̪ | d̠ʲ | d | ɖ |
| Nasal | m | ŋ | n̪ | n̠ʲ | n | ɳ |
| Lateral | l̪ | l̠ʲ | l | ɭ | ||
| Flap | ɾ | |||||
| Glide | w | ɰ | j | ɻ |
- Sounds /t̠ʲ, d̠ʲ, n̠ʲ, l̠ʲ/ are also commonly articulated as laminal [t̻ʲ, d̻ʲ, n̻ʲ, l̻ʲ].
- /t̠ʲ/ may also be heard as a palatal stop [c] in free variation.
- /ɻ/ can also be heard as a non-sibilant fricative [ɻ˔] when in between two front /i/ vowels.
- /j/ can also be heard as voiceless [j̊] or fricative [ç] within voiceless syllable positions. It may also be heard as a voiced fricative [ʝ] when in between two front /i/ vowels.
Vowels
[edit | edit source]| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i, iː | u, uː | |
| Low | a, aː |
| Phoneme/Sound | Allophones |
|---|---|
| /i/ [i] | [ɪ], [ɨ] |
| /a/ [a] | [ə], [e], [ɛ], [æ], [ɐ], [ɑ], [ɔ], [ɒ] |
| /u/ [u] | [ʊ], [ʉ] |
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ a b G10 Warluwarra at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ CC-BY license icon This Wikipedia article incorporates CC BY 4.0 licensed text from: Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Kendon, A. (1988) Sign Languages of Aboriginal Australia: Cultural, Semiotic and Communicative Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- Roth, Walter E. (1897). The expression of ideas by manual signs: a sign-language. (p. 273–301) Reprinted from Roth, W.E. Ethnological studies among the North-West-Central Queensland Aborigines. London, Queensland Agent-Generals Information Office, 1897; 71–90; Information collected from the following tribes; Pitta-Pitta, Boinji, Ulaolinya, Wonkajera, Walookera [= Warluwarra], Undekerebina, Kalkadoon, Mitakoodi, Woonamurra, Goa. Reprinted (1978) in Aboriginal sign languages of the Americas and Australia. New York: Plenum Press, vol. 2.
