Gkuthaarn language
| Gkuthaarn | |
|---|---|
| Kuthant | |
| Native to | Australia |
| Region | Cape York Peninsula, Queensland |
| Ethnicity | Gkuthaarn |
| Extinct | (date missing) |
| Dialects | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | xut |
| Glottolog | kuth1240 |
| AIATSIS[1] | G31 |
| ELP | Lua error in Module:Endangered_Languages_Project at line 21: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
Gkuthaarn, also rendered Kuthant, Kutanda and other variant spellings, is an extinct Paman language of the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia. It also known as Karundi/Garandi (and variant spellings), but the Garandi language may be a separate dialect.
Norman Tindale also assigned the name Kareldi, but this is not confirmed by others.[2] Current sources refer to the Gkuthaarn people.[3][4]
Alternative names
[edit | edit source]- Tindale
- Kotanda, also spelt Kutanda, Goothanto[2]
- Karundi, also spelt Karunti, Kurandi, Ka-rantee, Karrandi, Karrandee, Gar-und-yih, thought to be derived from Karun-/Gooran, meaning scrublands people.[2]
However, according to Lauriston Sharp, Kotanda was also used for the now extinct Kalibamu, and Karandi/Garandi (AUSTLANG G32) was a different local group,[2] and AIATSIS agrees.[5]
- Other variants
Other variant spellings included in AUSTLANG are:[2]
- Karaldi
- Gudanda
- Gudhanda
- Gudhand
- Guandhar
Phonology
[edit | edit source]Consonants
[edit | edit source]| Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | p | t̪ | t | (ʈ) | c | k |
| Nasal | m | n̪ | n | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ |
| Fricative | ɣ | |||||
| Trill | r | |||||
| Flap | ɾ | ɻ~ɽ | ||||
| Approximant | w | j | ||||
| Lateral | l | ɭ |
[ʈ] is attested only in the sequence [ɳʈ] and in Kukatj loans.
Vowels
[edit | edit source]| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unrounded | Rounded | |||
| Non-low | i iː | ø øː | ɨ ɨː | u uː |
| Low | a aː | |||
Kuthant has two diphthongs: /ia/ and /ua/.
Some words
[edit | edit source]According to W.E. Armit, inspector of Native Police, these were some words of the "Karrandee tribe":[6]
- irruag (tame dog)
- nyet (father)
- mooruk (mother)
- morbuy (white man)
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ G31 Gkuthaarn at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^ a b c d e G31 Ghutkaarn at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ G32 Garandi at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
Further reading
[edit | edit source]- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). (Also here.)