Timeline of autocephaly of Eastern Orthodox churches

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In the Eastern Orthodox Church, a "tomos of autocephaly" grants ecclesiastical independence from a mother church.[1] As of 2025, there are 14 completely recognized autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Churches, with 3 partially recognized Eastern Orthodox churches.[2][3]

The "date" column is determined the most recent date with support from a Patriarch (self-declared autocephaly is not taken into consideration). The "date" column also excludes former autocephaly halted by a force, and re-granted later.

File:Timeline of the History of the main autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Churches, E. Orthodox point of view (2022).svg
Timeline of the History of the main autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Churches
  Tomoi accepted by all canonical Eastern Orthodox Churches
  Tomoi accepted by most canonical Eastern Orthodox Churches
  Tomoi accepted by no canonical Eastern Orthodox Churches*

*Any tomoi once proclaimed, but no longer accepted.

4th-century

[edit | edit source]
Date Granter Recipient Recognized by
325 First Council of Nicaea[4] Patriarchate of Rome Completely unrecognized after 1054
325 First Council of Nicaea Patriarchate of Alexandria Completely recognized by all canonical Eastern Orthodox Churches
325 First Council of Nicaea Patriarch of Antioch Completely recognized by all canonical Eastern Orthodox Churches
381 First Council of Constantinople[5] Patriarchate of Constantinople Completely recognized by all canonical Eastern Orthodox Churches[6]

5th-century

[edit | edit source]
Date Granter Recipient Recognized by
431 Council of Ephesus Cypriot Orthodox Church Completely recognized by all canonical Eastern Orthodox Churches
451 Council of Chalcedon Patriarchate of Jerusalem Completely recognized by all canonical Eastern Orthodox Churches

15th-century

[edit | edit source]
See also: 15th–16th century Moscow–Constantinople schism
Date Granter Recipient Recognized by
1448 Jonah of Moscow[7] Russian Orthodox Church Completely unrecognized

16th-century

[edit | edit source]
Date Granter Recipient Recognized by
1589 Ecumenical Patriarch Jeremias II of Constantinople Russian Orthodox Church[8][9] Completely recognized by all canonical Eastern Orthodox Churches

19th-century

[edit | edit source]
See also: Tomos dated 29 June 1850
Date Granter Recipient Recognized by
29 June 1850 Ecumenical Patriarch Anthimus IV of Constantinople Church of Greece[10] Completely recognized by all canonical Eastern Orthodox Churches
1879 Ecumenical Patriarch Joachim III of Constantinople Serbian Orthodox Church[11] Completely recognized by all canonical Eastern Orthodox Churches
25 April 1885 Ecumenical Patriarch Jochim IV of Constantinople Romanian Orthodox Church[12] Completely recognized by all canonical Eastern Orthodox Churches

20th-century

[edit | edit source]
Date Granter Recipient Recognized by
13 November 1924 Ecumenical Patriarch Gregory VII of Constantinople Polish Orthodox Church[13] Completely recognized by all canonical Eastern Orthodox Churches
17 April 1937 Ecumenical Patriarch Benjamin I of Constantinople[14] Albanian Orthodox Church Completely recognized by all canonical Eastern Orthodox Churches
31 October 1943 Patriarch Sergius of Moscow[15] Georgian Orthodox Church Completely recognized by all canonical Eastern Orthodox Churches
1945 Patriarch Alexy I of Moscow Bulgarian Orthodox Church Completely recognized by all canonical Eastern Orthodox Churches
9 December 1951 Patriarch Alexy I of Moscow Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia[16] Completely recognized by all canonical Eastern Orthodox Churches
10 April 1970 Patriarch Alexy I of Moscow Orthodox Church in America Russian Orthodox Church, Georgian Orthodox Church, Polish Orthodox Church, Bulgarian Orthodox Church, Czech and Slovakian Orthodox Church[17]

21st-century

[edit | edit source]
See also: 2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism
Date Granter Recipient Recognized By
5 May 2019 Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew of Constantinople Orthodox Church of Ukraine[18] Patriarchate of Alexandria, Church of Greece, Ecumenical Patriarchate[19]
5 June 2022 Patriarch Porfirije of Serbia Macedonian Orthodox Church Romanian Orthodox Church, Serbian Orthodox Church, Russian Orthodox Church, Polish Orthodox Church, Ukrainian Orthodox Church, Bulgarian Orthodox Church, Czech and Slovakian Orthodox Church [20][21][22]

References

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