Setaria

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This article is about the grass genus. For the roundworm genus, see Setaria (nematode). For the lichen genus, see Bryoria.

Setaria
File:Starr 040713-0118 Setaria parviflora.jpg
Setaria parviflora in Hawai'i
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Panicoideae
Supertribe: Panicodae
Tribe: Paniceae
Subtribe: Cenchrinae
Genus: Setaria
P.Beauv. 1812, conserved name not Ach. ex Michx. 1803 (a lichen)[1][2]
Type species
Setaria viridis
Synonyms[4]
  • Acrochaete Peter
  • Chaetochloa Scribn.
  • Cymbosetaria Schweick.
  • Camusiella Bosser
  • Tansaniochloa Rauschert
caption=Setaria distantiflora (A.Rich.) Pilg., herbarium sheet
caption=Setaria distantiflora (A.Rich.) Pilg., herbarium sheet
File:Setaria sp. inflorescence.jpg

Setaria is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family.[5][6] The name is derived from the Latin word seta, meaning "bristle" or "hair", which refers to the bristly spikelets.[7]

The genus includes over 100 species distributed in many tropical and temperate regions around the world,[8] and members are commonly known as foxtail or bristle grasses.[2][9][10][11][12][13]

Description

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The grass is topped by a cylindrical long-haired head, which tend to droop when ripe. The seeds are less than 6 millimetres (1⁄4 inch) in length.[14]

Species

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As of May 2024, Plants of the World Online accepted the following species:[15]

Formerly included[4]

Numerous species were once considered members of Setaria but have since been reassigned to the genera Brachiaria, Dissochondrus, Echinochloa, Holcolemma, Ixophorus, Oplismenus, Panicum, Pennisetum, Pseudoraphis, Setariopsis, and Urochloa.

Uses

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The grains can be eaten raw, though are hard and can be bitter; boiling can reduce both of these properties.[14]

Several species have been domesticated and used as staple crops throughout history: foxtail millet (S. italica), korali (S. pumila) in India, and, before the full domestication of maize, Setaria macrostachya in Mexico.[16] Several species are still cultivated today as food or as animal fodder, such as foxtail millet and korali (S. pumila), while others are considered invasive weeds.[17] S. italica and S. viridis are being developed as genetic model systems for the study of monocots and bioenergy grasses.[18]

Other species that have been cultivated as crops include S. palmifolia (highland pitpit) of Papua New Guinea, where it is cultivated as a green vegetable; S. parviflora (knot-root foxtail), historically cultivated in Mesoamerica; and S. sphacelata (African bristle grass) of Sudan, a "lost millet" of Nubia.[19]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Tropicos, Setaria Ach. ex Michx.
  2. ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  3. ^ lectotype designated by Hitchcock, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22(3): 156 (1920)
  4. ^ a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  5. ^ Palisot de Beauvois, Ambroise Marie François Joseph. 1812. Essai d'une Nouvelle Agrostographie page 51 in Latin
  6. ^ Palisot de Beauvois, Ambroise Marie François Joseph. 1812. Essai d'une Nouvelle Agrostographie plate XIII (13), figure III (3) line drawing of Setaria viridis
  7. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  8. ^ Aliscioni, S., et al. An overview of the genus Setaria (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) in the Old World: Systematic revision and phylogenetic approach. Abstract. Botany 2004. Salt Lake City. August 3, 2004.
  9. ^ Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 1, 499, 531 狗尾草属 gou wei cao shu Setaria P. Beauvois, Ess. Agrostogr. 51. 1812
  10. ^ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps
  11. ^ Altervista Flora Italiana Archived 2015-02-01 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ Atlas of Living Australia
  13. ^ Sanbi Red List of South African Plants
  14. ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  15. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  16. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  17. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  18. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  19. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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Wikispecies has information related to Setaria.
  • Setaria. California Department of Food and Agriculture.

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