Commelinids
| Commelinids Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
| File:Dactylis glomerata bluete2.jpeg | |
| Cock's-foot grass (Dactylis glomerata) | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Orders | |
| Diversity[citation needed] | |
| About 1,420 genera | |
In plant taxonomy, commelinids (originally commelinoids[1][2]) is a clade of flowering plants within the monocots, distinguished by having cell walls containing ferulic acid.[3][4] Well-known commelinids include palms and relatives (order Arecales), dayflowers, spiderworts, kangaroo paws, and water hyacinth (order Commelinales), grasses, bromeliads, rushes, and sedges (order Poales), ginger, cardamom, turmeric, galangal, bananas, plantains, pineapples, and bird of paradise flower (order Zingiberales).[citation needed]
The commelinids are the only clade that the APG IV system has informally named within the monocots. The remaining monocots are a paraphyletic unit. Also known as the commelinid monocots it forms one of three groupings within the monocots, and the final branch; the other two groups are the alismatid monocots and the lilioid monocots.
Description
[edit | edit source]Members of the commelinid clade have cell walls containing UV-fluorescent ferulic acid.[3][4]
Taxonomy and phylogeny
[edit | edit source]The commelinids constitute a well-supported clade within the monocots,[5] and this clade has been recognized in all four APG classification systems. It consists of four orders:
- Arecales (palms)
- Commelinales (spiderwort, water hyacinth)
- Poales (grasses, rushes, bromeliads)
- Zingiberales (gingers, banana)
Phylogenetic tree showing position of the commelinids within the monocots[6]
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As of APG IV (2016) the family Dasypogonaceae is no longer directly placed under commelinids but instead a family of order Arecales.[6]
Historical taxonomy
[edit | edit source]The commelinids were first recognized as a formal group in 1967 by Armen Takhtajan, who named them the Commelinidae and assigned them to a subclass of Liliopsida (monocots).[7] The name was also used in the 1981 Cronquist system. However, by the release of his 1980 system of classification, Takhtajan had merged this subclass into a larger one, and no longer considered it to be a clade.[citation needed]
Takhtajan system
[edit | edit source]The Takhtajan system treated this as one of six subclasses within the class Liliopsida (=monocotyledons). It consisted of the following:[citation needed]
subclass Commelinidae
superorder Bromelianae
order Bromeliales
order Velloziales
superorder Pontederianae
order Philydrales
order Pontederiales
order Haemodorales
superorder Zingiberanae
order Musales
order Lowiales
order Zingiberales
order Cannales
superorder Commelinanae
order Commelinales
order Mayacales
order Xyridales
order Rapateales
order Eriocaulales
superorder Hydatellanae
order Hydatellales
superorder Juncanae
order Juncales
order Cyperales
superorder Poanae
order Flagellariales
order Restionales
order Centrolepidales
order Poales
Cronquist system
[edit | edit source]The Cronquist system treated this as one of four subclasses within the class Liliopsida. It consisted of the following:[citation needed]
subclass Commelinidae
order Commelinales
order Eriocaulales
order Restionales
order Juncales
order Cyperales
order Hydatellales
order Typhales
APG system
[edit | edit source]The APG II system does not use formal botanical names above the rank of order; most of the members were assigned to the clade commelinids in the monocots (its predecessor, the APG system used the clade commelinoids).[8][9]
See also
[edit | edit source]References
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- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ a b Harris & Hartley 1976.
- ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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- ^ a b APG IV 2016.
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/ the official APG website
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
Bibliography
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- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
External links
[edit | edit source]- File:Wikispecies-logo.svg Data related to Commelinids at Wikispecies
- Error creating thumbnail: File missing Media related to Lua error in Module:Commons_link at line 62: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). at Wikimedia Commons
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