Pakpak language

Pakpak
Kata Pakpak
Native to	Indonesia
Region	Sumatra (northern)
Ethnicity	Pakpak, Singkil
Native speakers	(1.2 million cited 1991)
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands Batak Northern Pakpak
Writing system	Batak
Official status
Regulated by	Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa
Language codes
ISO 639-3	btd
Glottolog	bata1294
ELP

Pakpak, or Batak Dairi, is an Austronesian language of Sumatra. It is spoken in Dairi Regency, Pakpak Bharat Regency, Pakkat, Parlilitan, and Tarabintang districts in Humbang Hasundutan Regency, Manduamas district in Central Tapanuli Regency, Subulussalam City, and Aceh Singkil Regency.

File:Dairi batak.png

Dairi Batak syllables in Batak script.

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n		ŋ
Plosive/ Affricate	voiceless	p	t	tʃ	k
	voiced	b	d	dʒ	ɡ
Fricative			s			h
Trill			r
Lateral			l
Semivowel		w		j

• A word-final /k/ can also be heard as a glottal stop [ʔ].

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Mid	e, ɛ	ə	o
Open		a

• Vowels /i, u, e, o/ can have shortened allophones of [ɪ, ʊ, ɛ, ɔ].
• To differentiate between the three e sounds, [ə, e, ɛ], Manik used ⟨é⟩ for [e], ⟨è⟩ for [ɛ], and ⟨e⟩ for [ə].