Eskimo Nebula
| Emission nebula | |
|---|---|
| Planetary nebula | |
 NGC 2392, the Eskimo Nebula by HST in 1999. | |
| Observation data: J2000 epoch | |
| Right ascension | 07h 29m 10.7669s[1] |
| Declination | +20° 54′ 42.488″[1] |
| Distance | 6520±560[2] ly |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 10.1[1] |
| Apparent dimensions (V) | 48″; × 48″;[3] |
| Constellation | Gemini |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Radius | ≥0.34 ly[a] ly |
| Absolute magnitude (V) | ≤0.4[b] |
| Notable features | – |
| Designations | NGC 2392,[1] Caldwell 39, PN G197.8+17.3 Central Star: HIP 36369, HD 59088, TYC 1372-1287-1 |
The Eskimo Nebula (NGC 2392), also known as the Clown Face Nebula, Lion Nebula,[4] or Caldwell 39, is a bipolar[5] double-shell[6] planetary nebula (PN). It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel in 1787. The formation resembles a person's head surrounded by a parka hood. It is surrounded by gas that composed the outer layers of a Sun-like star. The visible inner filaments are ejected by a strong wind of particles from the central star. The outer disk contains unusual, light-year-long filaments.
NGC 2392 lies about 6500 light-years away, and is visible with a small telescope in the constellation of Gemini.
At the center of NGC 2392, there is an O-type star (designated HD 59088[7]) with a spectral type of O(H)6f.[8]
Historic data
[edit | edit source]The nebula was discovered by William Herschel on January 17, 1787, in Slough, England. He described it as "A star 9th magnitude with a pretty bright middle, nebulosity equally dispersed all around. A very remarkable phenomenon."[9] NGC 2392 WH IV-45 is included in the Astronomical League's Herschel 400 observing program.
On 9 January 1982 it was occulted by the Moon during a Total Lunar Eclipse (the January 1982 lunar eclipse) over Greenland, the Arctic, the extreme northeast of North America, the northern half of Europe, North and Northeast Asia. This event was seen by several observers in England. The occultation during total eclipse will happen again during the January 2066 lunar eclipse over the northern half of Asia and the Northwest Pacific.[10]: 158
Naming controversy
[edit | edit source]
On 11 August 2020, the IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN),[citation needed] NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED),[citation needed] and SIMBAD Astronomical Database (CDS) discontinued use of three nicknames that were perceived as offensive – "Eskimo Nebula", "Clown Face Nebula", and "Clownface Nebula" – and strongly recommended the nebula be referred to by its NGC designation in further publications.[11][1]
See also
[edit | edit source]Notes
[edit | edit source]References
[edit | edit source]- ^ a b c d e Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Gaia Collaboration et al. (2018b): Summary of the contents and survey properties
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Deep-Sky Companions: The Caldwell Objects, 2nd Edition, Stephen James O'Meara, 2016, p.181
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ The Scientific Papers of Sir William Herschel by J. L. E. Dreyer, Royal Society, London 1912
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
External links
[edit | edit source]
- NGC 2392 on WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Articles and images
- APOD (2003-12-07) – NGC 2392
- Clown Face Nebula Lowell Observatory
- The Structure & Evolution of the Eskimo Planetary Nebula University of Maryland Astronomy Department
- A Kinematic Determination of the Structure of the Double Ring Planetary Nebula NGC 2392, the Eskimo Astrophysical Journal v.362, p. 226 October 1990
- A Cat's Eye view of the Eskimo from Saturn Maria-Teresa Garc ́ıa-D ́ıaz, Jose-Alberto L ́opez, Wofgang Steffen, Michael G. Richer and Hortensia Riesgo, 2011
Lua error in mw.title.lua at line 392: bad argument #2 to 'title.new' (unrecognized namespace name 'Portal').