Coordinates: 29°48′39″N 31°12′44″E / 29.81083°N 31.21222°E / 29.81083; 31.21222

Lepsius L

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Lepsius L
File:Carte-lepsius-dahchour.jpg
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Unknown, possibly Menkauhor
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Ancient name
From a decree of Pepi I presumed to refer to the pyramid:
<hiero><-G5-M17-D28-G43->-R8-Q1-Q1-Q1-O24</hiero>
Nṯr-ỉswt Ỉkꜣw-Ḥr
Netjer-isut Ikauhor
'Divine are the places of Ikauhor'
ConstructedFourth or Fifth Dynasty (possibly)
TypeTrue (now ruined)
MaterialLimestone
Base~ 85 m (279 ft; 162 cu)
~ 40 m (130 ft; 76 cu)

The Lepsius L Pyramid is the remain of a pyramid complex built in Dahshur, approximately 250 m (820 ft) east of the Red Pyramid of pharaoh Sneferu of the Fourth Dynasty.[1] The identity of the pyramid owner is unknown. The site was initially visited by Karl Richard Lepsius during his 1842–45 expedition to Egypt. He provided a brief description and catalogued it as 'Steinpyramide L' in his pyramid list.[2] The site was then excavated by Rainer Stadelmann in 1986.[1]

Pyramid complex

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Lepsius measured the base of the pyramid as being 85 m (279 ft; 162 cu) square;[3] Stadelmann measured it as being 40 m (130 ft).[4] Lepsius further identified a path leading towards the Red Pyramid which may have been the pyramid's causeway. He also noted the presence of a necropolis adjoining the pyramid's north side.[3] Stadelmann discovered large limestone blocks that are presumed to have been intended for the pyramid's substructure, a mudbrick construction ramp, and the remains of Fourth Dynasty era pottery.[1]

Ownership

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Ludwig Borchardt and Stadelmann have ascribed the pyramid to Menkauhor of the Fifth Dynasty of Egypt,[5] though this identification is contested.[6] They cite a royal decree issued by Pepi I of the Sixth Dynasty that was uncovered in the pyramid town of Sneferu's Red Pyramid and mentions Menkauhor's pyramid to support this assignment:[7][8][9]

<hiero>M17-G43-V24-G43-N35-U36-F35-D21:N35-W25-N35:X1-A1-A1-A1-V30:D21-M8-G1-D46-G43-A24-G17-D21:Z1-O1:N35-<-G5-M17-D28-G43->-R8-Q1-Q1-Q1-O24</hiero>
ỉw wḏ-n ḥnỉ nfr-n ỉnt rmt nb r šꜣdw m rꜣ-pr n nṯr-ỉswt Ỉkꜣw-Ḥr
My Majesty commands that no one shall be sent to dig in the temple of the pyramid 'Divine are the place of Ikauhor'[10][a]

Menkauhor is, however, also associated with the Headless Pyramid in Saqqara, another pyramid with contested ownership. This attribution is supported by Jean-Philippe Lauer and Jean Leclant because the displacement of the causeway of Teti's pyramid indicates that the Headless Pyramid was built earlier;[14][15] Vito Maragioglio and Celeste Rinaldi because the manner of construction of the Headless Pyramid's substructure follows the Fifth Dynasty pattern;[15][16] and Zahi Hawass because the architectural style of the pyramid complex and the extensive use of quality materials are typical of the era.[17][18]

Dieter Arnold after examining a re-used block from Amenemhat I's pyramid believed to originate from Menkauhor's pyramid determined that it originated from neither Lepsius XXIX nor Lepsius L and concluded that Menkauhor's pyramid was yet to be uncovered, probably in South Saqqara.[19]

Notes

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  1. ^ There is a slight variation in the name of the pyramid in the decree from other sources. In Pepi I's decree nṯr is written as 𓊹,[11] whereas it is written as 𓊹 𓂋 in the mastaba of Ptahhetep and Akhethetep[12] and in the tomb of Min-anhk.[13]

References

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  1. ^ a b c Lehner 2008, p. 101.
  2. ^ Lepsius 1970, pp. 3, 205, & 207.
  3. ^ a b Lepsius 1970, p. 207.
  4. ^ Stadelmann & Sourouzian 1982, pp. 382–383.
  5. ^ Stadelmann 2001, p. 354.
  6. ^ Verner 2001, p. 188.
  7. ^ Verner 2001, pp. 188, 323–324.
  8. ^ Borchardt 1905, pp. 1–3 & 7–8.
  9. ^ Porter & Moss 1981, p. 876.
  10. ^ Borchardt 1905, pp. 7–8.
  11. ^ Borchardt 1905, pp. 7–8, Tafel II.
  12. ^ Davies 1900, p. p. XXIII.
  13. ^ Dennis 1905, p. 33.
  14. ^ Verner 2001, pp. 332–333.
  15. ^ a b Hawass 2010, p. 157.
  16. ^ Verner 2001, p. 333.
  17. ^ Wright 2008.
  18. ^ Hawass 2010, p. 159.
  19. ^ Hawass 2010, p. 158.

Sources

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