Hypoiodous acid
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| IUPAC name
Hypoiodous acid
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3D model (JSmol)
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PubChem CID
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |||
| HOI | |||
| Molar mass | 143.911 g·mol−1 | ||
| Acidity (pKa) | 10.5 (in water, estimate)[1] | ||
| Conjugate base | Hypoiodite | ||
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Related compounds
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Hypoiodous acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula HIO. It forms when an aqueous solution of iodine is treated with mercuric or silver salts. It rapidly decomposes by disproportionation:[2]
- 5 HIO → HIO3 + 2 I2 + 2 H2O
Hypoiodous acid is a weak acid with a pKa of about 11. The conjugate base is hypoiodite (IO−). Salts of this anion can be prepared by treating iodine with alkali hydroxides. They rapidly disproportionate to form iodides and iodates,[2] but an iodine–hydroxide mixture can be used an in situ preparation of hypoiodite for other reactions.[3]
Ammonium hypoiodites can be formed by oxidation of the analogous iodide salts. These and also sodium hypoiodite are useful as oxidizing agents for a various types of organic compounds and also for a reaction analogous to the haloform reaction.[3]
Hypoiodite is one of the active oxidizing agents generated by lactoperoxidase as part of the mammalian innate immune system.[4][5]
Other oxyacids
[edit | edit source]Hypoiodous acid is part of a series of oxyacids in which iodine can assume oxidation states of −1, +1, +3, +5, or +7. A number of neutral iodine oxides are also known.
| Iodine oxidation state | −1 | +1 | +3 | +5 | +7 |
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| Name | Hydrogen iodide | Hypoiodous acid | Iodous acid | Iodic acid | Periodic acid |
| Formula | HI | HIO | HIO2 | HIO3 | HIO4 or H5IO6 |
References
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