Sorex araneus polyomavirus 1
| Sorex araneus polyomavirus 1 | |
|---|---|
| Virus classification Error creating thumbnail: | |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Monodnaviria |
| Kingdom: | Shotokuvirae |
| Phylum: | Cossaviricota |
| Class: | Papovaviricetes |
| Order: | Sepolyvirales |
| Family: | Polyomaviridae |
| Genus: | Alphapolyomavirus |
| Species: | Sorex araneus polyomavirus 1
|
Sorex araneus polyomavirus 1, formerly known as Human polyomavirus 12 (HPyV12), is a virus of the polyomavirus family that was first identified in human hosts and also infects shrews.[1] It was discovered and reported in 2013 after isolation from the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the liver.[2] The virus was renamed to Sorex araneus polyomavirus 1 in 2018, after discovery of the same virus in shrews.[1] Infecting multiple hosts is rare among mammalian polyomaviruses.[3]
Discovery
[edit | edit source]HPyV12 was first discovered in 2013 by generic PCR used to screen samples of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract. HPyV12 was identified first and most commonly in liver samples; it was also occasionally detected in the colon and rectum and in feces.[2]
Taxonomy
[edit | edit source]The HPyV12 genome follows the typical organization for a polyomavirus, containing a small and large tumor antigen and three viral capsid proteins; it has no open reading frame corresponding to an agnoprotein. In the 2015 taxonomic update to the polyomavirus group, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses classified HPyV12 as a member of the genus Alphapolyomaviridae, whose type species is murine polyomavirus (Mus musculus polyomavirus 1).[4] Following the discovery of highly similar polyomaviruses in shrews (Soricidae),[1] the virus was formally reclassified in 2018 as Sorex araneus polyomavirus 1.[5]
Prevalence
[edit | edit source]The prevalence of HPyV12 is not well characterized and published estimates from seroprevalence studies — that is, prevalence of detectable antibodies against viral proteins indicating either past or present exposure — vary widely. A 2013 survey found that between 15–33% of healthy adults exhibited evidence of exposure, with slightly lower rates in children.[2] By contrast, a 2018 study in an Italian population reported over 90% prevalence,[6] while another 2018 survey in Dutch adults found prevalence to be around 4%, among the lowest of the polyomaviruses known to infect humans.[7]
Clinical manifestations
[edit | edit source]There is no known clinical significance associated with HPyV12.[8]
References
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