Help:IPA/Mandarin

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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Standard Mandarin pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA}}, Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Standard Chinese phonology for more detail on the sounds of Mandarin Chinese.

Consonants
IPA Pinyin Wade–Giles Bopomofo Chinese example English approximation
ɕ x hs Audio file "Mandarin Chinese-x-晓.wav" not found sheep,[a] but more y-like (without lip rounding)
f f Audio file "Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-f-非.wav" not found fan
j y-/-i- Audio file "Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-y-牙.wav" not found yes
k g k Audio file "Mandarin Chinese-g-干.wav" not found skin
k k' Audio file "Mandarin Chinese-k-口-pronunciation.wav" not found kin
l l Audio file "Mandarin Chinese-l-来-pronunciation.wav" not found leaf
m m Audio file "Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-m-明.wav" not found moon
n n ㄋ,ㄣ,ㄢ Audio file "Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-n-泥.wav" not found noon
ŋ -ng ㄥ,ㄤ Audio file "Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-j-江.wav" not found song
p b p Audio file "Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-b-帮.wav" not found span
p p' Audio file "Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-p-滂.wav" not found pan
ʐ[b] r- j Audio file "Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-日.wav" not found pleasure, but with tongue curled or pulled back
s s Audio file "Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-私.wav" not found same
ʂ sh Audio file "Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-矢.wav" not found show, but without lip rounding and with tongue curled or pulled back
t d t Audio file "Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-d-端.wav" not found stop
t t' Audio file "Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-t-透.wav" not found top
j ch Audio file "Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-j-叫.wav" not found cheap,[a] but more y-like (without lip rounding)
tɕʰ q ch' Audio file "Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-q-去.wav" not found Above, but with a strong burst of breath (aspiration)
ts z ts Audio file "Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-z-子.wav" not found outset
tsʰ c ts' Audio file "Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-此.wav" not found let's help
ʈʂ zh ch Audio file "Mandarin Chinese-zh-之.wav" not found Below, but unaspirated
ʈʂʰ ch ch' Audio file "Mandarin Chinese-ch-吃-pronunciation.wav" not found cheer, but without lip rounding and with tongue curled or pulled back, with a strong burst of breath (aspiration)
w w-/-u- Audio file "Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-w-我.wav" not found water
x h Audio file "Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-h-火.wav" not found loch (Scottish English)
ɥ yu-/-ü-[c] yü-/-ü- Audio file "Mandarin Chinese-ü-月-pronunciation.wav" not found between wet and yet
Vowels
IPA Pinyin Wade–Giles Bopomofo Chinese example English approximation
a a ㄚ,ㄢ 阿,安 plastic (UK Received Pronunciation)
er êrh 二,兒(儿)
ɑ yang/-iang farther
ɛ yan/-ian yen/-ien ㄧㄢ set
yuan/-üan ㄩㄢ
e ye/-ie, yue/-üe eh 也,月 hey
ə en,[d] eng ên, êng ㄣ,ㄥ 本,冷 atop
ɚ er êrh 二,兒(儿) furry[e]
ɤ e ê / o[f] 厄,餓 between bush and but
o wo/-uo[g] o[h] story
i yi/-i city
ɻ̩ zhi, chi, shi, ri ih [i] 之,吃,師(师),日 Below, but with tongue curled or pulled back[j]
ɹ̩ zi, ci, si ŭ 子,次,私 roses, cousin
u wu/-u cool
ʊ -ong -ung ㄨㄥ,ㄩㄥ 冬,用 book
y yu/-ü[c] yü/-ü refute, beet, but with the lips rounded as for boot
Diphthongs
ai time
ao cow
ei[d] face
ou[d] 又,狗,歐(欧) goal or go (modern UK), realized with or without backing
Tones
IPA Pinyin Wade–Giles Bopomofo Chinese example Tone number Description
á ā a1 Audio file "Mandarin Chinese-巴-pronunciation.wav" not found tone 1 high level [˥]
ǎ á a2 ㄚˊ Audio file "Mandarin Chinese-拔.wav" not found tone 2 mid rising [˧˥]
à ǎ a3 ㄚˇ Audio file "Mandarin Chinese-third tone-把-pronunciation.wav" not found tone 3 medially, low [˩]; initially, mid falling [˧˩]; finally, low rising [˩˧]; in isolation, dipping [˧˩˧]
â à a4 ㄚˋ Audio file "Mandarin Chinese-爸-pronunciation.wav" not found tone 4 high falling [˥˩]
a a a0 ˙ㄚ Audio file "Mandarin Chinese-fourth tone-吧-pronunciation.wav" not found tone 0 or 5
(toneless)
mid [˧] after all tones but 4, where it is low [˩]
Note: Pinyin uses three of the same diacritics as IPA but with different values.

See also

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  1. ^ a b [ɕ, tɕ, tɕʰ] are always followed by [i] [j], [y], or [ɥ].
  2. ^ Also transcribed as ɻ in some literature.
  3. ^ a b ü (/y/) is spelled u after j, q, x in pinyin since /u/ cannot occur after them.
  4. ^ a b c In Pinyin/Wade-Giles wei, you/yu, wen/wên are spelled ui, iu, un respectively when they are preceded by a consonant. It doesn't affect the pronunciation.
  5. ^ The rhotic vowel also appears in erhua.
  6. ^ This sound is spelled ⟨o⟩ after ⟨k, k', h⟩ in Wade-Giles.
  7. ^ This sound is spelled ⟨o⟩ after ⟨b, p, m, f⟩ in Pinyin.
  8. ^ ㄨㄛ is spelled as ⟨o⟩, except for ⟨k, k', h, sh⟩ (as ⟨kuo, k'uo, huo, shuo⟩) in Wade-Giles.
  9. ^ This symbol is rarely used and usually omitted during writing.
  10. ^ Voiced continuants (also transcribed [ɨ, ɯ] or [ʐ̩, z̩]) reflecting the character of the preceding consonant[clarification needed]

References

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  • Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  • Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  • Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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