Help:IPA/Hmong

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Hmong language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. The dialect used in this chart is both White Hmong and Green Hmong. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Consonants IPA RPA Pahawh English approximation Green White c c 𖬯 Somewhat like joke cʰ ch 𖬧 Somewhat like choke d d 𖬞𖬰 ado dʱ dh 𖬞𖬵 wide hearted tˡ dl 𖬭𖬰 Somewhat like at last tɬ̬ dlh 𖬭𖬵 Somewhat like at last, but with extra clicky sound f f 𖬜𖬵 five ŋ g 𖬠𖬵 sing h h 𖬟 happy l̥ hl 𖬥 clean m̥ hm 𖬣𖬵 No English equivalent; voiceless [m] m̥l̥ hml 𖬠𖬰 No English equivalent n̥ hn 𖬩 No English equivalent; voiceless [n] ɲ̥ hny 𖬣𖬰 No English equivalent; voiceless [ɲ] k k * scope kʰ kh 𖬩𖬰 cope l l 𖬞 life m m 𖬦 map ml ml 𖬠 hamlet n n 𖬬 no ɲɟ nc 𖬤𖬰 and you ɲɟʱ nch 𖬨 No equivalent to English ⁿdˡ ndl 𖬭 ⁿdɮ ndlh 𖬭𖬴 No English equivalent ŋɡ nk 𖬢 finger ŋkʰ nkh 𖬫𖬵 incomplete mb np 𖬨𖬵 combine mbʱ nph 𖬡𖬰 No English equivalent, like abhor, but with prenasalization mbl npl 𖬫𖬰 emblem mbɮ nplh 𖬡𖬵 No English equivalent ɴɢ nq 𖬬𖬰 No equivalent to English ɴɢʱ nqh 𖬬𖬵 No equivalent to English ɳɖ nr 𖬜𖬰 No English equivalent; somewhat like can drink ɳʈʰ nrh 𖬨𖬰 No equivalent to English; similar to control nd nt 𖬩𖬵 endanger ndʱ nth 𖬫 wound him ɳɖʐ nts 𖬝 No English equivalent; somewhat like hinge ᶯtʂʰ ntsh 𖬯𖬰 No English equivalent ndz ntx 𖬢𖬰 hands ndzʱ ntxh 𖬥𖬵 hands holding ɲ ny 𖬮𖬵 canyon p p 𖬪𖬵 spin pʰ ph 𖬝𖬵 pin pl pl 𖬟𖬵 Somewhat like apple pɬ plh 𖬪 play q q 𖬦𖬵 No equivalent to English; similar to sky qʰ qh 𖬣 No equivalent to English; similar to car ʈ r 𖬡 No equivalent to English ʈʰ rh 𖬢𖬵 No equivalent to English; similar to trough ʂ s 𖬤𖬵 Somewhat like shoe t t 𖬧𖬵 stool tʰ th 𖬟𖬰 tool ts tx 𖬯𖬵 cats tsʰ txh 𖬦𖬰 No English equivalent ʈʂ ts 𖬝𖬰 Somewhat like June ʈʂʰ tsh 𖬪𖬰 Somewhat like chair v v 𖬜 very s x 𖬮 see ç xy 𖬧𖬰 hue ʝ y 𖬤 Similar to yes ʐ z 𖬥𖬰 Somewhat like vision ʔ 𖬮𖬰 uh-oh!

Vowels IPA RPA Pahawh English approximation Monophthongs a a 𖬖, 𖬗 As in father e e 𖬈, 𖬉 No equivalent to English; similar to play i i 𖬂, 𖬃 see ɨ w 𖬘, 𖬙 roses ɔ o 𖬒, 𖬓 off u u 𖬆, 𖬇 cool Nasalized ẽ ee 𖬀, 𖬁 Somewhat like sang ã aa 𖬚, 𖬛 Somewhat like ran ɔ̃ oo 𖬌, 𖬍 Somewhat like song Diphthongs ai ai 𖬊, 𖬋 hi iə ia 𖬔, 𖬕 RP beer aɨ aw 𖬎, 𖬏 Do not curl your tongue for the 'r' in per au au 𖬄, 𖬅 how uə ua 𖬐, 𖬑 truant, elided into a single syllable Hmong Tone Indications IPA Tone Orthographic Spelling (Example) pɔ́ High pob ('ball') pɔ̰ Creaky pom ('see') pɔ̂ High falling poj ('female') pɔ̌ Mid rising pov ('throw') pɔ̄ Mid po ('spleen') pɔ̀ Low pos ('thorn') pɔ̤ Low falling breathy pog ('grandmother') pɔ̰̌ Falling rising pod (no meaning(for now))

Notes

• ^* ⟨k⟩ is only represented in RPA and not in Pahawh Hmong. For example, to write keeb in RPA, you have to follow the order Consonant + Vowel + Tone (CVT), so it is K + ee + b = Keeb, but in Pahawh Hmong, it is just Keeb "𖬀𖬶" (2nd-Stage Version).

See also

• Category:Pages with Hmong IPA (11)