Conocybe aurea
| Conocybe aurea | |
|---|---|
| File:2011-08-17 Conocybe aurea.jpg | |
| Scientific classification Error creating thumbnail: | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Bolbitiaceae |
| Genus: | Conocybe |
| Species: | C. aurea
|
| Binomial name | |
| Conocybe aurea (Jul.Schäff.) Hongo (1963)
| |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Conocybe aurea, commonly known as the golden dunce cap,[2] is a basidiomycete fungus in the family Bolbitiaceae.[3][4]
Taxonomy
[edit | edit source]The fungus was first described to science in 1930 by German mycologist Julius Schäffer, who called it Galera aurea. Tsuguo Hongo transferred it to the genus Conocybe in 1963.[5] In 2000, Anton Hausknecht published the variety C. aurea var. hololeuca, but this taxon is not considered to have independent taxonomic significance by Index Fungorum.[6]
The species is related to Conocybe tenera.[7]
Habitat and distribution
[edit | edit source]Conocybe aurea is a saprobic fungus that prefers to grow in nitrate-rich soils, fields, woodchip mulch, old compost, and greenhouses. A rare but widespread species, it is found in Europe, Asia, North America, South America, and New Zealand.[8]
Description
[edit | edit source]The cap is orangish yellow, and up to 5 cm in diameter.[7] The gills and stipe are beige, the former browning with age.[7]
Cap: 0.8-2.2 cm wide or more, starting globose to campanulate before expanding to convex. The surface is smooth but not sticky and is golden yellow to orangy yellow with a deeper colour in the centre of the cap. The cap dries to a chrome yellow colour with paler centre flesh when dry. Gills: Adnate and subdistant with a ventricose bulge. 1.5-3mm wide. They start whitish before developing a cinnamon colour. Stem: 2.5-6.5 cm long and 2-3mm thick and equal across its length or tapering slightly upwards with a slightly bulbous 4-6mm thick base. The interior is hollow and the exterior surface is pruinose with striations and pale yellowish but often discolours to a brownish yellow (fulvous). Flesh: Thin, soft and the same colour as the surface of the cap. Smell: Slight. Taste: Mild. Spores: 10.5-13.5 x 6-7 μm. Elliptical and smooth with a hyaline, apical germ pore. Under the microscope they are yellow. Basidia: 29-37 x 11-12 μm. Four spored. Cheilocystidia: 22-30 x 8-11 μm. Pin-headed and hyaline with a thin wall. Caulocystidia: 22-30 x 7.5-10 μm. Similar to the cheilocystidia.[5]
Etymology
[edit | edit source]| Conocybe aurea | |
|---|---|
| Mycological characteristics | |
| File:Gills icon.png | Gills on hymenium |
| File:Conical cap icon.svg File:Campanulate cap icon.svg | Cap is conical or campanulate |
| File:Adnexed gills icon2.svg | Hymenium is adnexed |
| File:Bare stipe icon.svg | Stipe is bare |
| Spore print is brown | |
 | Ecology is saprotrophic |
 | Edibility is unknown |
The specific epithet aurea is Latin for golden yellow.[9]
Toxicity
[edit | edit source]The toxicity is unknown. Related species are known to be toxic.[10]
Similar species
[edit | edit source]Conocybe apala is common, but with a whiter and more fragile conical cap.[7]
References
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External links
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