Chilcatay Formation

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Chilcatay Formation
Stratigraphic range: Early Miocene
(Burdigalian)[1]
~19.2–18.0 Ma
↓
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofPisco Basin
UnderliesPisco Formation
OverliesOtuma Formation
Lithology
PrimarySandstone, siltstone
Location
CountryPeru

The Chilcatay Formation is a geologic formation located in Peru. The formation was deposited in the Pisco Basin, during the Early Miocene, roughly from 19.2 to 18.0 Ma. Fossil remains of baleen whales, sharks, and rays have been found in the formation.[2][3]

Paleobiota of the Chilcatay Formation

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Mammals

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Dolphins

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Taxa Species Material Description Images Notes
Huaridelphis H. raimondii A squalodelphinid river dolphin [4]
Ensidelphis E. riveroi A river dolphin [5]
Furcacetus F. flexirostrum A river dolphin [5]
Incacetus I. broggii A kentriodontid dolphin
cf. Kentriodon cf. K. sp. A kentriodontid dolphin
Macrosqualodelphis M. ukupachai A squalodelphinid river dolphin [6]
Notocetus N. vanbenedeni A squalodelphinid river dolphin
Squalodelphinidae Gen. et. sp. indet. A river dolphin

Whales

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Taxa Species Material Description Images Notes
Amphidelphis A. bakersfieldensis A cranium [7]
Cetotheriidae Gen. et. sp. indet.
Chaeomysticeti Gen. et. sp. indet. A partial skull (CTZ 02) A baleen whale; either a late-diverging stem mysticete or an early-branching crown mysticete
A badly damaged dentary (ZM 98) A baleen whale; crownward of Eomysticetidae
A skull (ZM 152) A crown-group baleen whale, possibly a basal plicogulan
Chilcacetus C. cavirhinus A toothed whale [8]
C. ullujayensis
Diaphorocetus D. otergai A physeteroid sperm whale [9]
Eurhinodelphinidae Gen. et. sp. indet. A toothed whale
Inticetus I. vertizi A toothed whale [10]
Mysticeti Gen. et. sp. indet. A baleen whale
Odontoceti Gen. et. sp. indet. A toothed whale
Rhaphicetus R. valenciae A physeteroid sperm whale [11]

Seals

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Taxa Species Material Description Images Notes
Pinnipedia Gen. et. sp. indet. A seal

Birds

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Penguins

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Taxa Species Material Description Images Notes
Palaeospheniscus P. sp. A early penguin

Reptiles

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Turtles

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Taxa Species Material Description Images Notes
Testudines Gen. et. sp. indet. A turtle

Crocodilians

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Taxa Species Material Description Images Notes
Sacacosuchus S. cordovai A gavialid crocodilian [12]

Cartilaginous fish

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Rays

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Taxa Species Material Description Images Notes
cf. Anoxypristis cf. A. sp. A rostral spine A sawfish
Dasyatidae Gen. et. sp. indet. Dermal denticles A whiptail stingray
Myliobatoidea Gen. et. sp. indet. Teeth A stingray; several of the teeth compare favorably with Myliobatis eagle rays

Sharks

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Taxa Species Material Description Images Notes
Alopias A. superciliosus Teeth The bigeye thresher
A. cf. vulpinus Teeth Tentatively assigned to the common thresher
Anotodus A. agassizii Teeth A thresher shark
Carcharhinus C. brachyurus Teeth The copper shark
C. dicelmai[13]
C. cf. leucas A tooth Tentatively assigned to the bull shark
Carcharias C. sp. Teeth A sand tiger shark
Carcharodon C. subauriculatus A white shark
Cosmopolitodus C. hastalis Teeth White sharks
C. plicatilis Teeth
Galeocerdo G. aduncus Teeth A tiger shark
Hemipristis H. serra Teeth A weasel shark
Isurus I. oxyrinchus Teeth The shortfin mako shark
Megalolamna M. paradoxodon A tooth A megatoothed shark
Megachasma M. cf. applegatei Teeth A megamouth shark
Negaprion N. brevirostris Teeth The lemon shark
Otodus O. chubutensis Teeth A megatoothed shark; sometimes placed in separate genus Carcharocles
Parotodus P. benedenii Teeth A possible megatoothed shark
Physogaleus P. contortus Teeth A ground shark
Sphyrna S. zygaena Teeth The smooth hammerhead
Squatina S. sp. Teeth An angel shark

References

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  7. ^ Lambert, O.; de Muizon, C.; Bennion, R. F.; Urbina, M.; Bianucci, G. (2025). "New data on archaic homodont odontocetes from the Early Miocene of Peru reveal a second species of Chilcacetus Lambert, Muizon & Bianucci, 2015 and a Southern Hemisphere record for a northeastern Pacific species". Geodiversitas. 47 (9): 369–408. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2025v47a9.
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