Capparaceae
| Capparaceae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Caper (Capparis spinosa) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Brassicales |
| Family: | Capparaceae Juss.[1][2] |
| Genera | |
|
See text | |
The Capparaceae (or Capparidaceae), commonly known as the caper family, are a family of plants in the order Brassicales. As currently circumscribed, the family contains 15 genera and about 430 species. The largest genera are Capparis (about 140 species), Morisonia (87 species), Maerua (70 species), Boscia (30 species), and Cadaba (30 species).
Taxonomy
[edit | edit source]The Capparaceae have long been considered closely related to and have often been included in the Brassicaceae, the mustard family (APG, 1998), in part because both groups produce glucosinolate (mustard oil) compounds. Subsequent molecular studies[3] support Capparaceae sensu stricto as paraphyletic with respect to the Brassicaceae. However Cleome and several related genera are more closely related to members of the Brassicaceae than to the other Capparaceae. These genera are now either placed in the Brassicaceae (as subfamily Clemoideae) or segregated into the Cleomaceae. Several more genera of the traditional Capparaceae are more closely related to other members of the Brassicales, and the relationships of several more remain unresolved.[4] Based on morphological grounds and supported by molecular studies, the American species traditionally identified as Capparis have been transferred to resurrected generic names. Several new genera have also been recently described.[5]
Based on recent DNA-analysis, the Capparaceae are part of the core Brassicales, and based on limited testing, the following tree represent current insights in its relationship.[6]
| core Brassicales |
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Genera
[edit | edit source]15 genera are accepted:[7]
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Excluded genera
[edit | edit source]- Borthwickia W.W.Sm. → Resedaceae
- Cleome L. → Cleomaceae
- Cleomella DC. → Cleomaceae
- Dactylaena Schrad. ex Schult.f. → Cleomaceae
- Forchhammeria Liebm. → Stixaceae
- Haptocarpum Ule → Cleomaceae
- Koeberlinia Zucc. → Koeberliniaceae
- Oxystylis Torr. & Frem. → Cleomaceae
- Pentadiplandra Baill. → Pentadiplandraceae
- Podandrogyne Ducke → Cleomaceae
- Polanisia Raf. → Cleomaceae
- Setchellanthus Brandegee → Setchellanthaceae
- Stixis Lour. → Stixaceae
- Tirania Pierre → Stixaceae
- Wislizenia Engelm. → Cleomaceae[9]
- Genus insufficiently known according to Kers in Kubitzki, but whose descriptions indicate it cannot belong to the Capparaceae
- Keithia Spreng. (unplaced)
References
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- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ (Hall et al., 2002, 2008)
- ^ (Hall et al. 2004).
- ^ (Cornejo & Iltis 2006, 2008a-e; Iltis & Cornejo, 2007; Hall, 2008).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Capparaceae Juss. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
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Further reading
[edit | edit source]- Cornejo, X. & H. H. Iltis. 2006. New combinations in Capparaceae sensu stricto for Flora of Ecuador. Harvard Pap. Bot. 11(1): 17–18.
- Cornejo, X. & H. H. Iltis. 2008a. Two new genera of Capparaceae: Sarcotoxicum and Mesocapparis stat. nov., and the reinstatement of Neocalyptrocalyx. Harvard Pap. Bot. 13(1): 103-116.
- Cornejo, X. & H. H. Iltis. 2008b. New combinations in South American Capparaceae. Harvard Pap. Bot. 13(1): 117-120.
- Cornejo, X. & H. H. Iltis. 2008c. Anisocapparis y Monilicarpa: dos nuevos géneros de Capparaceae de América del Sur. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2(1): 61-74.
- Cornejo, X. & H. H. Iltis. 2008d. The reinstatement of Capparidastrum. Harvard Pap. Bot. 13(2): 229-236.
- Cornejo, X. & H. H. Iltis. 2008e. A revision of Colicodendron Mart. (Capparaceae s.s.). J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas, 2(1): 75-93.
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- Hall, J. C., K. J. Sytsma and H. H. Iltis. 2002. Phylogeny of Capparaceae and Brassicaceae based on chloroplast sequence data. American Journal of Botany 89: 1826-1842 (abstract here Archived 2011-02-18 at the Wayback Machine).
- Hall, J. C., H. H. Iltis and K. J. Sytsma. 2004. Molecular phylogenetics of core Brassicales, placement of orphan genera Emblingia, Forchhammeria, Tirania, and character evolution. Systematic Botany 29: 654-669 (abstract here).
- Hall, J. C. 2008. Systematics of Capparaceae and Cleomaceae: an evaluation of the generic delimitations of Capparis and Cleome using plastid DNA sequence data. Botany 86: 682–696.
- Iltis, H. H. & Cornejo, X. 2007. Studies in the Capparaceae XXX. Capparicordis, a new genus from the Neotropics. Brittonia 59: 246–254.
- Kers, L. E. 2003. Capparaceae. In: Kubitzki, K. (Series Editor):The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Vol.5: K. Kubitzki & C. Bayer (Volume Editors).Springer-Verlag Berlin, 36-56. Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- Takhtajan, A. 1997. Diversity and classification of flowering plants. Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
External links
[edit | edit source]
- Capparaceae, in Neotropikey
- Capparaceae, in Flowering Plants of the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica.
- Photos at University of Hawaii site
- Capparaceae, as Capparidaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards).
- Family Capparaceae flowers in Israel Archived 2008-12-26 at the Wayback Machine
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