Cleome

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Cleome
File:Cleome (Spider Flower) in Gavi.jpg
Cleome houtteana
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Brassicales
Family: Cleomaceae
Genus: Cleome
L.
Synonyms[1]
List
    • Aldenella Greene
    • Andinocleome Iltis & Cochrane
    • Anomalostemon Klotzsch
    • Areocleome R.L.Barrett & Roalson
    • Arivela Raf.
    • Atalanta (Nutt.) Raf.
    • Aubion Raf.
    • Buhsea Bunge
    • Carsonia Greene
    • Celome Greene
    • Chilocalyx Klotzsch
    • Cleoserrata Iltis
    • Coalisina Raf.
    • Cochranella E.M.McGinty & Roalson (2020)
    • Corynandra Schrad. ex Spreng.
    • Cristatella Nutt.
    • Cyrbasium Endl.
    • Dactylaena Schrad. ex Schult. & Schult.f. (1829)
    • Decastemon Klotzsch
    • Dianthera Klotzsch
    • Diorimasperma Raf.
    • Dipterygium Decne.
    • Dispara Raf.
    • Gilgella Roalson & J.C.Hall
    • Gynandropsis DC.
    • Haptocarpum Ule
    • Hemiscola Raf.
    • Iltisiella Soares Neto & Roalson (2020)
    • Isexina Raf.
    • Jacksonia Raf. ex Greene
    • Justago Kuntze
    • Kersia Roalson & J.C.Hall
    • Lagansa Rumph. ex Raf.
    • Melidiscus Raf.
    • Micambe Adans.
    • Mitostylis Raf.
    • Neocleome Small
    • Oncufis Raf.
    • Pedicellaria Schrank
    • Pericla Raf.
    • Physostemon Mart.
    • Podandrogyne Ducke
    • Podogyne Hoffmanns.
    • Polanisia Raf.
    • Pterocleome Iltis ex E.M.McGinty & Roalson (2020)
    • Pteroloma Hochst. & Steud.
    • Puccionia Chiov.
    • Roeperia F.Muell.
    • Rorida J.F.Gmel.
    • Roridula Forssk.
    • Scolosperma Raf.
    • Sieruela Raf.
    • Siliquaria Forssk.
    • Sinapistrum Mill.
    • Stylidocleome Roalson & J.C.Hall
    • Stylista Raf.
    • Symphyostemon Klotzsch
    • Tarenaya Raf.
    • Tetratelia Sond.
    • Thulinella Roalson & J.C.Hall
    • Triandrophora O.Schwarz

Cleome is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cleomaceae, commonly known as spider flowers, spider plants, spider weeds, or bee plants.[2][3] Previously, it had been placed in the family Capparaceae, until DNA studies found the Cleomaceae genera to be more closely related to the Brassicaceae than the Capparaceae. Cleome and clammyweed (Polanisia dodecandra) can sometimes be confused.

The genus sensu stricto includes about 170 species of herbaceous annual or perennial plants and shrubs.[4] The genus has a subcosmopolitan distribution throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world.[4] However, a recent DNA study failed to separate Cleome, Podandrogyne, and Polanisia from each other, so some taxonomists have abandoned the last two of these genera, treating them as part of Cleome sensu lato; in this case, Cleome contains about 275 species, the vast majority of the Cleomaceae.

The genus contains species which show an evolutionary progression from C3 to C4 photosynthesis. This, combined with it being very close to the Brassicaceae with the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana, makes it an ideal genus in which to study the evolution of C4 photosynthesis. Morphological differences that demonstrate the transition from C3 to C4 include C3 species having leaves with more veins and larger bundle sheath cells. Also, species such as Cleome gynandra produce proteins needed for C4 photosynthesis.[5] Three species independently acquired the C4 pathway, while others are C3–C4 intermediate or C4-like.[6]

Species

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199 species are accepted.[1][4][7][8][9][10]

Cultivation and uses

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File:Cleome chelidonii in AP W IMG 9951.jpg
Cleome chelidonii at Pocharam Lake, Andhra Pradesh, India

Cleome gynandra is used as a vegetable crop. C. houtteana is a commonly cultivated ornamental plant with purple, pink, or white flowers.

[edit | edit source]
Stereo image
Left frame 
Right frame 
Parallel view (File:Stereogram guide parallel.png)
Cross-eye view (File:Stereogram guide cross-eyed.png)
Cleome seeds resemble snail shells

References

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  1. ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  2. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  3. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  4. ^ a b c Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening 1: 652-653. Macmillan. Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value)..
  5. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). Open access icon
  6. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  7. ^ Germplasm Resources Information Network: Cleome list Archived 2009-01-20 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ Flora Europaea: Cleome list
  9. ^ USDA Plants Profile: Cleome list
  10. ^ Efloras: Cleome search results
  11. ^ Flora of China 7: 430–431. 2008: Tarenaya Rafinesque

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