Boran languages

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Not to be confused with Borean languages.
Boran
Bora–Muinane
Geographic
distribution		northwestern Amazon
Linguistic classificationOne of the world's primary language families (Bora–Witoto?)
Subdivisions
Language codes
Glottologbora1262
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File:Linguas bora.png

Boran (also known as Bora–Muinane, Bora–Muiname, Bóran, Miranyan, Miranya, Bórano) is a small language family, consisting of just two languages.

Languages

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The two Boran languages are:

Loukotka (1968) also lists Nonuya, a Witotoan language, spoken at the sources of the Cahuinari River, as a Boran language. As of 1964, only a few words had been documented.[1]

Synonymy

  • The name Muinane has been used to refer to the Muinane language (Bora Muinane) of the Boran family and also to the Nipode language (Witoto Muinane) of the Witotoan family.

Genetic relations

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Aschmann (1993) proposed that the Boran and Witotoan language families were related, in a Bora–Witoto stock. Echeverri & Seifart (2016) refute the connection.

Language contact

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Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Choko, Guahibo, Tukano, Witoto-Okaina, Yaruro, Arawak, and Tupi language families due to contact in the Caquetá River basin region.[2]

An automated computational analysis (ASJP 4) by Müller et al. (2013)[3] found lexical similarities with Arawakan (especially the Resigaro language in particular) due to contact.

Vocabulary

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Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items.[1]

gloss Bora Imihitä Muinane
one dzonére tenétogüné sánótro
two miniékeʔe mibákö minóke
head mée-níguoe mé-eníkoae nígai
eye ma-ádzik ma-átxe adíge
tooth mée-goaxé me-kuáxe ígaino
man guáxpi koaxpí gáife
water néspakio nögʔbögʔkó negfuáyu
fire köxögua kixúgua köxögai
sun nöʔögbwa nöxbá neʔegbua
maize öxeʔe öxehu bédya
jaguar oíbe ouíbe höku

Proto-language

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Proto-Bora–Muinane
Reconstruction ofBoran languages

Proto-Bora–Muinane reconstructions by Seifart and Echeverri (2015):[4]

References

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  1. ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  2. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  3. ^ Müller, André, Viveka Velupillai, Søren Wichmann, Cecil H. Brown, Eric W. Holman, Sebastian Sauppe, Pamela Brown, Harald Hammarström, Oleg Belyaev, Johann-Mattis List, Dik Bakker, Dmitri Egorov, Matthias Urban, Robert Mailhammer, Matthew S. Dryer, Evgenia Korovina, David Beck, Helen Geyer, Pattie Epps, Anthony Grant, and Pilar Valenzuela. 2013. ASJP World Language Trees of Lexical Similarity: Version 4 (October 2013).
  4. ^ Seifart, Frank, & Echeverri, Juan Alvaro (2015). Proto Bora-Muinane. LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas, 15(2), 279 - 311. Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  5. ^ Banisterium. Database of Cross-Linguistic Colexifications.

Bibliography

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  • Aschmann, Richard P. (1993). Proto Witotoan. Publications in linguistics (No. 114). Arlington, TX: SIL & the University of Texas at Arlington.
  • Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value)..
  • Echeverri, Juan Alvaro & Frank Seifart. (2016). Proto-Witotoan: A re-evaluation of the distant genealogical relationship between the Boran and Witotoan linguistic families.
  • Kaufman, Terrence. (1990). Language history in South America: What we know and how to know more. In D. L. Payne (Ed.), Amazonian linguistics: Studies in lowland South American languages (pp. 13–67). Austin: University of Texas Press. Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value)..
  • Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). The native languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.), Atlas of the world's languages (pp. 46–76). London: Routledge.
  • Thiesen, W.; Thiesen, E. (1998). Diccionario: Bora - Castellano, Castellano - Bora. (Serie Lingüística Peruana, 46). Pucallpa: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
  • Walton, J. W.; Walton, J. P.; Pakky de Buenaventura, C. (1997). Diccionario bilingüe muinane-español, español-muinane. Santafé de Bogotá: Editorial Alberto Lleras Camargo.
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Wiktionary has a list of reconstructed forms at Appendix:Proto-Bora-Muinane reconstructions
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