3C 357
| 3C 357 | |
|---|---|
 The radio galaxy 3C 357. | |
| Observation data (J2000.0 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Hercules |
| Right ascension | 17h 28m 20.09s[1] |
| Declination | +31° 46′ 02.74″[1] |
| Redshift | 0.166460[1] |
| Heliocentric radial velocity | 49,903 km/s[1] |
| Distance | 2.135 Gly |
| Apparent magnitude (B) | 15.5 |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | E[1] |
| Size | ~377,000 ly (115.7 kpc) (estimated)[1] |
| Other designations | |
| 4C +31.47, B2 1726+31, 2MASX J17282013+3146030, PGC 60351, DA 435, NRAO 0528, TXS 1726+318 | |
3C 357 is a radio galaxy located in the constellation of Hercules. The redshift of the object is (z) 0.166[1] and it was first discovered in the Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources survey in 1962 by A.S. Bennett.[2] It is also documented in the Fourth Cambridge survey, designated as 4C 31.47.[3]
Description
[edit | edit source]3C 357 is classified as a Type II Fanaroff-Riley Class radio galaxy.[4] It is hosted by a large featureless elliptical galaxy with a bright central core.[5]
There is a dust lane located on the southwest side of the galaxy based on imaging made by Hubble Space Telescope, being visible downwards to the inner region.[6][7][8] This dust lane is split into two separate parts; one near the nucleus and the other extending outwards from the nucleus towards the northwest direction with a dust emission path at its end.[9] There is clearly a disky isophotal structure present in the galaxy with faint thin tendrils.[10]
The radio source of 3C 357 is found to be a double, orientating by nearly east to west direction.[11][12] When imaged with a radio map taken by Very Large Array (VLA) at 4.86 GHz, the source displays a visible radio core and multiple hotspots. A jet is seen located within the northwest radio lobe, pointing towards the direction of a compact hotspot. At 1.4 GHz, the map shows evidence of a large-scale structure.[13] Snapshots with Chandra X-ray Observatory found there is radio emission from the core with no traces of any radiation around it or being associated with its hotspots.[14]
Although the nucleus of the galaxy is depolarized, a study showed there are four vectors in the emission region, found perpendicular towards the radius indicating the polarized light has a scattering origin.[15] In 2021, extended X-ray emission was found detected around the galaxy, mainly along the radio axis.[16]
References
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