Esh (letter)
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| Esh | |
|---|---|
| Ʃ ʃ | |
| (See below) | |
| S in the forms of cursive writing | |
| Usage | |
| Writing system | Latin script |
| Type | Alphabetic and logographic |
| Language of origin | Latin language, Serer language |
| Sound values | [ʃ], [ʄ] /ˈɛʃ/ |
| In Unicode | U+01A9, U+0283 |
| History | |
| Development | <hiero>Aa32</hiero><hiero>M40</hiero> |
| Time period | 1847 to present |
| Descendants | None |
| Sisters |
Disputed: |
| Variations | (See below) |
| Other | |
| Associated graphs | s(x), sh, š |
| Writing direction | Left-to-Right |
Esh (majuscule: Ʃ, minuscule: ʃ) is a character used in phonology to represent the voiceless postalveolar fricative (English ⟨sh⟩, as in "ship").
In Unicode, these letters are encoded as U+01A9 Ʃ <reserved-01A9> and U+0283 ʃ <reserved-0283>
Form, usage, and history
[edit | edit source]Its lowercase form ⟨ʃ⟩ is similar to an integral sign ⟨∫⟩ or a long s ⟨ſ⟩ with an extra leftward hook at the bottom; in 1928 the Africa Alphabet borrowed the Greek letter sigma for the uppercase form ⟨Ʃ⟩. The lowercase form was introduced by Isaac Pitman in his 1847 Phonotypic Alphabet to represent the voiceless postalveolar fricative (English sh). It is not common around African languages, but it is, in fact, used in some, for example, Serer uses its lowercase form to make the [ʄ] consonant. This letter is used as well as in the International Phonetic Alphabet.
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) uses U+0283 ʃ <reserved-0283> to represent a voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant. Related obsolete IPA characters include U+01AA ƪ <reserved-01AA>, U+0285 ʅ <reserved-0285>, and U+0286 ʆ <reserved-0286>.
U+AB4D ꭍ <reserved-AB4D> is used in the Teuthonista phonetic transcription system.[1]
Variations of esh are used for other phonetic transcription:[2] ⟨ᶋ⟩, ⟨ᶘ⟩, ⟨ʃ⟩.
U+1DF0B 𝼋 <reserved-1DF0B> and U+1DF0C 𝼌 <reserved-1DF0C> are used as click letters.[3][4]
See also
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- U+222B ∫ <reserved-222B>
- U+017F ſ <reserved-017F>
- U+03A3 Σ <reserved-03A3>
- U+03C3 σ <reserved-03C3>
- U+0428 Ш <reserved-0428>
- U+0160 Š <reserved-0160>
- U+015E Ş <reserved-015E>
- U+0D3D ഽ <reserved-0D3D> (Praslesham)
- ⟨Sz⟩ (a Polish digraph)
- ⟨Sh⟩ (an English and Albanian digraph)
- Latin-script S-based digraphs (including the Italian ⟨sc⟩, English ⟨sh⟩, and Norwegian and Faroese ⟨sk⟩)
- Latin-script S-based trigraphs (including German ⟨sch⟩ and Italian ⟨sci⟩)
References
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