Xerocomellus

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Xerocomellus
File:Xerocomus chrysenteron1.jpg
Xerocomellus chrysenteron
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Boletales
Family: Boletaceae
Genus: Xerocomellus
Šutara (2008)
Type species
Xerocomellus chrysenteron
(Bull.) Šutara (2008)
Species

See text

Xerocomellus is a genus of fungi in the family Boletaceae. The genus, as it was described in 2008, contained 12 species.[1] However X. rubellus and X. engelii were transferred to the new genus Hortiboletus and X. armeniacus was transferred to the new genus Rheubarbariboletus in 2015.[2][3] Molecular analysis supports the distinction of Xerocomellus species from Boletus and Xerocomus, within which these species were formerly contained. Xerocomellus in fact is only distantly related to Xerocomus and is most closely related to Tylopilus, Boletus sensu stricto, Porphyrellus, Strobilomyces, and Xanthoconium.[4]

Taxonomy

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Members of the genus had been classified either in the genus Boletus or Xerocomus until Czech mycologist Josef Šutara examined a number of species and concluded that there was a defined group containing X. chrysenteron, X. armeniacus and relatives that are distinct morphologically from the group containing Xerocomus subtomentosus and related species. He deferred fully delimiting the genus until genetic work confirmed their distinctness.[1] Previously, Manfred Binder had coined the term Paraxerocomus for the group but this was not officially published.[1]

The type species is the red-cracked bolete (Xerocomellus chrysenteron).[1]

Genetic analysis published in 2013 showed that X. chrysenteron and X. zelleri form a Xerocomellus clade within a larger group informally called "anaxoboletus" in the Boletineae. It appears to have affinities with what was then known informally as the "rubellus clade", which contained the species X. rubellus and X. armeniacus, now known as Hortiboletus rubellus and Rheubarbariboletus armeniacus respectively.[2] The same study found Xerocomellus to be more distantly to a 'badius' clade containing Boletus badius, now known as Imleria badia, and relatives.[5] Other clades in the group include the porcini (true Boletus species) and Strobilomyces clades, species currently designated Xerocomus (the species are not true Xerocomus species), and smaller genera whose relationships are unclear.[4]

Description

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Members of the genus have small to medium-size fruit bodies with more slender stipes compared with other boletes. They are often brightly coloured.[1] The caps are dry and do not become sticky when wet. Their cuticle tissue is a palisadoderm, comprising parallel or roughly parallel hypha arranged in an anticlinal fashion. The palisoderm, which is generally between 120 and 350 μm thick (although extremes of 80 μm and 500 μm are known), maintains its characteristic arrangement for longer periods than other boletes. The tubes are generally yellow and adnate or slightly decurrent. The pores are also yellow and quite large, up to 2.5 mm in diameter each and angular in shape. The spores are generally spindle-shaped to oval and have a smooth or striate surface. The spore print is brown or slightly olive-tinged when fresh.[1]

Morphological Features of Xerocomoid Boletes[1][6][7]

Boletus s.str. Hemileccinum Xerocomellus Xerocomus s.str.
Spore surface Smooth Smooth Longitudinally striated or smooth, never bacilate Bacilate
Hymenophoral trama Boletoid type with gelatinous lateral strata Boletoid type with gelatinous lateral strata Intermediate between boletoid and phylloporoid when fully developed with distinct but weakly gelatinous lateral strata Phylloporoid type with nongelatinous lateral strata
Pileipellis Trichoderm, sometimes collapsing, rarely ixotrichoderm or other Initially trichoderm but collapses with age Initially palisadoderm, typically encrusted Initially a trichoderm, never encrusted
Lateral stipe stratum Frequently gelatinous, 60–90 μm thick, thicker than that of Xerocomellus Similar to that of Leccinum species, ornamented with stipe scabrousities up to 400–640 μm thick Frequently not present, reduced to no more than 30–40 μm thick, not gelatinous Lateral stipe stratum never gelatinous and 80–200 μm thick

Ecology

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Xerocomellus species form mycorrhizal associations with coniferous and deciduous trees.[1]

Species

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Image Scientific name Taxon author Year Basionym Distribution
X. amylosporus (A.H. Sm.) J.L. Frank & N. Siegel, 2020 Porphyrellus amylosporus A.H. Sm., (1965). Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, south into California
X.  atropurpureus J.L. Frank, N. Siegel & C.F. Schwarz, 2020 British Columbia south at least to Monterey County, California along the coast, inland to the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Range
X.  behrii (Harkn.) Castellano, M.E. Sm. & J.L. Frank 2018 Splanchnomyces behrii Harkn., (1884). California and Oregon
X.  bolinii J.A. Bolin, A.E. Bessette, A.R. Bessette, L.V. Kudzma, J.L. Frank & A. Farid 2021 Florida[8]
X. carmeniae Garza-Ocañas, J. García & de la Fuente 2022 Mexico (Nuevo León)[9]
File:Xerocomellus chrysenteron G4.jpg X. chrysenteron (Bull.) Šutara 2008 Boletus chrysenteron Bull. (1791)[10] cosmopolitan
File:2012-08-26 Boletus cisalpinus (Simonini, H. Ladurner & Peintner) Watling & A.E. Hills 254673.jpg X. cisalpinus (Simonini, H.Ladurner & Peintner) Klofac[11] 2011 Xerocomus cisalpinus Simonini, H. Ladurner & Peintner (2003)[12] mainland Europe and in North America.
X. communis Xue T. Zhu & Zhu L. Yang 2016 China (Yunnan)
X. corneri Xue T. Zhu & Zhu L. Yang 2016 China
File:Xerocomellus diffractus imported from iNaturalist photo 101062476 on 16 February 2024.jpg X.  diffractus N. Siegel, C.F. Schwarz, & J.L. Frank 2020 central California, through the Pacific Northwest into British Columbia, Canada, east to the Rocky Mountains of Wyoming, and south into Arizona
File:1996-02-15 Xerocomus dryophilus (Thiers) Singer 14.jpg X. dryophilus (Thiers) N. Siegel, C.F. Schwarz & J.L. Frank 2014 Boletus dryophilus Thiers North America
X. fennicus (Harmaja) Šutara 2008 Boletellus fennicus Harmaja (1999)[13] Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland and Sweden, possibly also Belgium
X. fulvus Sarwar, I. Ahmad & Khalid 2016 Pakistan[14]
X. himalayanus D. Chakr and A. Ghosh 2023 India (Himachal Pradesh)[15]
X. intermedius (A.H. Sm. & Thiers) Svetash., Simonini & Vizzini 2016 Boletellus intermedius A.H.Sm. & Thiers (1971) Northeastern United States
X.  macmurphyi (Zeller & C.W. Dodge) Castellano, Saylor, M.E. Sm., & J.L. Frank 2018 Hymenogaster macmurphyi Zeller & C.W. Dodge, 1934. California and Oregon
X. marekii (Šutara & Skála) Šutara 2008 Boletus marekii Šutara & Skála (2007)[16] Czech Republic and Hungary
Error creating thumbnail: X. mendocinensis (Thiers) N. Siegel, C.F. Schwarz & J.L. Frank 2020 Boletus truncatus (Singer, Snell, & Dick) Pouzar Western United States
File:Xerocomellus perezmorenoi Ajusco.jpg X. perezmorenoi Ayala-Vasquez & M. Martinez-Reyes[17] 2023 Mexico
X. poederi G. Moreno, Heykoop, Esteve-Rav., P. Alvarado & Traba 2016 Europe
File:2012-08-16 Xerocomus porosporus (Imler- G. Morena & Bon) Contu 309289.jpg X. porosporus (Imler ex G.Moreno & Bon) Šutara 2008 Boletus porosporus Imler ex Bon & G.Moreno (1977)[18] Europe
File:2009-09-29 Xerocomellus pruinatus.jpg X. pruinatus (Fr. & Hök) Šutara 2008 Boletus pruinatus Fr. & Hök (1835)[19] Europe
X.  rainisiae (Bessette & O.K. Mill.) N. Siegel, C.F. Schwarz & J.L. Frank 2014 Boletus rainisiae Bessette & O.K. Mill. [as “rainisii”], in Bessette et al., 2000. Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, south into Oregon.
File:2018-12-21 Xerocomellus redeuilhii A.F.S. Taylor, U. Eberh., Simonini, Gelardi & Vizzini 982281.jpg X. redeuilhii A.F.S. Taylor, U. Eberh., Simonini, Gelardi & Vizzini 2016 Boletus dryophilus Simonini, (1994)

Xerocomus dryophilus Ladurner & Simonini (2003)

Europe[20]
File:2013-07-17 Xerocomellus ripariellus (Redeuilh) Šutara 350064.jpg X. ripariellus (Redeuilh) Šutara 2008 Xerocomus ripariellus Redeuilh (1997)[21] Europe
X. salicicola C.F. Schwarz, N. Siegel & J.L. Frank 2020 Xerocomus salicicola C.F. Schwarz, N. Siegel & J.L. Frank (2020)[22] Western North America
X. sarnarii Simonini, Vizzini & Eberhardt 2015 Italy, France
X. truncatus (Singer, Snell & E.A.Dick) Klofac[11] 2011 Xerocomus truncatus Singer, Snell & E.A.Dick (1959)[23] Eastern North America
File:Xerocomellus zelleri (4037904836).jpg X. zelleri (Murrill) Klofac 2011[11] 2011 Ceriomyces zelleri Murrill (1912)[24] Northwestern North America

References

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  • Error creating thumbnail: File missing Media related to Lua error in Module:Commons_link at line 62: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). at Wikimedia Commons

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