XII International Brigade

XII International Brigade
*Garibaldi Brigade*
XII International Brigade; Garibaldi Brigade
	File:Flag of the International Brigades.svg
Active	1936–1939
Country	Mostly Italian
Allegiance	File:Flag of Spain 1931 1939.svg Spain
Branch	File:Logo of the International Brigades (Spain).svg International Brigades
Type	Mixed Brigade – Infantry
Role	Home Defence
Part of	14th Division (1937); 11th Division (1937); 35th Division (1937); 45th Division (1937–1939)
Garrison/HQ	Albacete, Barcelona
Nickname	Brigada Garibaldi
Engagements	Spanish Civil War
Commanders
Notable; commanders	Máté Zalka; Randolfo Pacciardi

The XII International Brigade was mustered on 7 November 1936 at Albacete, Spain. It was formerly named the Garibaldi Brigade, after the most famous and inspiring leader in the Italian Independence Wars, General Giuseppe Garibaldi.

Structure

Its first commanding officer was a Soviet advisor of Hungarian origin, Gen. "Pavol Lukács" (Máté Zalka), who went on to command the 45th Division of the Spanish Republican Army (he was killed during the Huesca Offensive), and its first political commisar was Gustav Regler.^[1]

The brigade included, among others, the following battalions:^[2]^[3]^[4]

Garibaldi Battalion – Albanian, Italian and Spanish volunteers, led by Randolfo Pacciardi.^[5]
André Marty Battalion – Franco-Belgian volunteers (named after André Marty).
Dabrowski Battalion also known as the Dombrowski Battalion – exiled Polish volunteers
Thaelmann Battalion – German and Austrian volunteers (named after Ernst Thälmann), led by Ludwig Renn.^[6]
Figlio Battalion – Spanish volunteers
Madrid Battalion – Spanish volunteers
Prieto Battalion – Spanish volunteers

The Brigade fought in the battles of Madrid,^[7] the Corunna Road,^[8] Guadalajara,^[9] Guadarrama^[10] and Brunete.^[11]

References

^ Thomas, Hugh. (2001). The Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. p. 468
^ Hugh Thomas, The Spanish Civil War, Appendix III
^ (in Spanish) EPR Order of Battle Website
^ (in Spanish) Associació Catalana Website Archived 29 April 2006 at the Wayback Machine
^ Thomas, Hugh. (2001). The Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. p. 468
^ Thomas, Hugh. (2001). The Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. p. 468
^ Beevor, Antony. (2006). The battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939. Penguin Books. London. p. 179
^ Beevor, Antony. (2006). The battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939. Penguin Books. London. pp. 190 and 192
^ Thomas, Hugh. (2001). The Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. pp. 580–581
^ Beevor, Antony. (2006). The battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939. Penguin Books. London. p. 277
^ Beevor, Antony. (2006). The battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939. Penguin Books. London. p. 280

Bibliography

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Thomas, Hugh. The Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. 2001. Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).

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[1] Thomas, Hugh. (2001). The Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. p. 468

[2] Hugh Thomas, The Spanish Civil War, Appendix III

[3] (in Spanish) EPR Order of Battle Website

[4] (in Spanish) Associació Catalana Website Archived 29 April 2006 at the Wayback Machine

[5] Thomas, Hugh. (2001). The Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. p. 468

[6] Thomas, Hugh. (2001). The Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. p. 468

[7] Beevor, Antony. (2006). The battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939. Penguin Books. London. p. 179

[8] Beevor, Antony. (2006). The battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939. Penguin Books. London. pp. 190 and 192

[9] Thomas, Hugh. (2001). The Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. pp. 580–581

[10] Beevor, Antony. (2006). The battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939. Penguin Books. London. p. 277

[11] Beevor, Antony. (2006). The battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939. Penguin Books. London. p. 280

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v t e XII International Brigade – "Garibaldi"
Commanders	Máté Zalka (Nov 1936–Feb 1937) Randolfo Pacciardi (Feb–Jul 1937) Carlo Penchienati (Jul–Aug 1937) Nino Raimondi (Aug–Sep 1937) François Bernard (Sep–Oct 1937) Arturo Zanoni (Oct 1937–Feb 1938) Eloy Paradinas Quero (Feb–Apr 1938) Martino Martini (Apr–Aug 1938) Luis Rivas Amat (Aug 1938–Feb 1939)
Battalions	Garibaldi Battalion André Marty Battalion Dabrowski Battalion Thälmann Battalion
Political parties	Italian Communist Party Italian Republican Party Revolutionary National Committee Communist Party of Poland Communist Party of Germany
Related	International Brigades Communist International International response to the Spanish Civil War Italian resistance movement Albanian resistance movement Roter Frontkämpferbund

XII International Brigade

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Structure

See also

References

Bibliography

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XII International Brigade

Structure

See also

References

Bibliography

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