Type 03 Chū-SAM

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Type 03 Chu-SAM
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Type 03 Chu-SAM
Typemobile surface-to-air missile
Place of originJapan
Service history
In service2003 - Present
Used byJapan
Production history
DesignerMitsubishi Electric, Kato Works LTD.
ManufacturerMitsubishi Heavy Industries
Specifications
MassAbout 570kg
Length4.9 m
DiameterAbout 0.32m
WarheadHigh-explosive
Warhead weight73 kg[1]
Detonation
mechanism
Proximity fuse
EngineMitsubishi single-stage solid propellant rocket motor
Operational
range
50 km or more
Maximum speedMach 2.5
Guidance
system
Active AESA radar homing seeker plus inertial guidance and mid flight command link with track-via-missile[1]

The Type 03 Medium-Range Surface-to-Air Missile (03式中距離地対空誘導弾, maru-san-shiki-chu-kyori-chi-tai-kuu-yuudou-dan) or SAM-4 or Chu-SAM (中SAM, Chū-Samu) is a Japanese developed surface-to-air missile system currently in service with the JGSDF. The SAM's vehicle chassis is based on the Kato Works Ltd/Mitsubishi Heavy Industries NK series heavy crane truck. It uses a state-of-the-art active electronically scanned array radar.[2]

History

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The Technical Research and Development Institute (TRDI) developed the Type 03 in 1990 alongside Mitsubishi Electronics Corporation (MEC).[3] The first prototypes were developed in 2001.[3][4]

The Type 03 was operational in the JGSDF in 2003.[3] According to the TRDI, they stated that the Type 03 is the successor of the Improved Hawk missiles.[5] The missile was tested on November 20, 2006 at the MacGregor Range, White Sands Missile Range.[4]

On November 25, 2025, the Type 03 was deployed in Yonaguni.[6]

On November 30, 2025, talks were underway between Tokyo and Manila on potentially exporting the Type 03.[7][8]

Design

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The Chu-SAM air defense system is based on 8×8 cross country unarmored trucks, and includes a command center, radar unit, launcher, and transloader, with each unit equipped with six missiles that travel at Mach 2.5. The system can track up to 100 targets simultaneously and target 12 at the same time, engaging fighter jets, helicopters, and cruise missiles.[9]

Upgrade

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Chu-SAM Kai

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In 2014, the JGSDF began evaluation of the upgraded Chu-SAM Kai, which uses improved sensor and networking features for better range and targeting of more complex cruise and anti-surface missile threats. During the summer of 2015, 10 Chu-SAM Kai missiles were test fired at White Sands Missile Range in the United States and successfully intercepted various targets, including a GQM-163 Coyote supersonic target drone; White Sands hosted the launches because the location's large size and controlled airspace allowed for testing conditions unavailable in Japan. Operational tests of the Chu-SAM Kai took place at White Sands, in 2016.[9][10]

All procurements are expected to be completed by the FY2032 budget.[11]

Type 23 ship-to-air missile

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The Chu-SAM Kai missile is also planned to be converted to the long-range ship-to-air missile with an ejectable rocket booster.[12] It was successfully test fire onboard JS Asuka in December 2022. The new missile's main body is based on the technology of the Type 03 medium-range surface-to-air missile (modified), which is currently being deployed by the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF), and the booster is based on the technology of the Type 07 VL-ASROC in service with the JMSDF.[13]

The ship-to-air missile, an upgraded version of the Chu-SAM Kai formerly known as the A-SAM, began procurement in FY2024 as the Type 23 ship-to-air missile.[14][15]

Chu-SAM Kai (future version)

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From FY2023 to FY2028, the Chu-SAM Kai will be upgraded to develop a new missile with enhanced intercept capability against short-range ballistic missiles and hypersonic glide vehicles.[16]

Deployment

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  • JGSDF Anti-aircraft Artillery (Advanced) Training Unit (高射教導隊, kousya-kyoudou-tai) since 2003
  • JGSDF Eastern Army (Japan) 2nd Anti-aircraft Artillery Group (第2高射特科群, dai2-kousya-tokka-gun) at Camp Matsudo in Matsudo, Chiba since 2007
  • JGSDF Central Army (Japan) 8th Anti-aircraft Artillery Group (第8高射特科群, dai8-kousya-tokka-gun) in Ono, Hyōgo since 2008
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  • Fire position
    Fire position
  • Radar vehicle with active electronically scanned array
    Radar vehicle with active electronically scanned array
  • Ammo transporter
    Ammo transporter
  • Power vehicle
    Power vehicle

Orders

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Fiscal year Chū-SAM Notes

1 battery = 4 fire units

Type 03

Medium-range surface-to-air guided missile

Type 03

Medium-range surface-to-air guided missile (improved) (ja)

Type 03

Medium-range surface-to-air guided missile (improved) capability improvement (ja)

# fire units
(# batteries) 		# fire units
(# batteries) 		# fire units
(# batteries)
2026 – 4
(1) 		– [17]
2025 – 8
(2) 		– [18]
2024 – 2
(0.5) 		– [19]
2023 – 4
(1) 		– [20]
2022 – 4
(1) 		– [21]
2021 – 4
(1) 		– [22]
2020 – 4
(1) 		– [23]
2019 – 4
(1) 		– [24]
2018 – 4
(1) 		– [25]
2017 – 4
(1) 		– [26]
2016 4
(1) 		– – [27]
2015 4
(1) 		– – [28]
2014 4
(1) 		– – [29]
2013 0 – – [30]
2012 8
(2) 		– – [31]
2011 4
(1) 		– – [32]
2010 4
(1) 		– – [33]
2009 8
(2) 		– – [34]
2008 4
(1) 		– – [35]
2007 4
(1) 		– – [35]
2006 4
(1) 		– – [36]
2005 8
(2) 		– – [37]
2004 1
(0.25) 		– – [38]
2003 2
(0.5) 		– – [38]
Total 59

(14.75)

38 (+ 4)

(9.5 + (+ 1))

– –
97 (+ 4)

(24.25 + (+ 1))

–
  Budget request


See also

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Comparable SAMs:

Notes

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  1. ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  2. ^ FUTURE POSSIBILITIES: A PRESENTATION OF THE CHU-SAM MISSILE DEFENSE SYSTEM
  3. ^ a b c https://missiledefenseadvocacy.org/defense-systems/type-03/
  4. ^ a b https://web.archive.org/web/20100529211459/http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Land-Based-Air-Defence/Chu-SAM-Japan.html
  5. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20100529034655/http://www.mod.go.jp/trdi/en/programs/gm/gm.html
  6. ^ https://www.twz.com/air/japans-plan-to-put-sams-on-strategic-island-70-miles-from-taiwan-could-be-just-the-beginning
  7. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  8. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  9. ^ a b 100 Percent of Targets Destroyed: Japan Is Testing New Missile in US - Thediplomat.com, 13 November 2015
  10. ^ Japanese Test Engages Supersonic Target on WSMR - Army.mil, 5 November 2015
  11. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  12. ^ Defense Programs and Budget of Japan FY2017, page.31 - mod.go.jp, March 2017
  13. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  14. ^ 防衛力抜本的強化の進捗と予算 令和6年度予算の概要. p.27
  15. ^ 防衛力抜本的強化の進捗と予算 令和7年度概算要求の概要. p.29
  16. ^ 令和4年度政策評価（事前の事業評価）03式中距離地対空誘導弾（改善型）能力向上
  17. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  18. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  19. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  20. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  21. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  22. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  23. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  24. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  25. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  26. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  27. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  28. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  29. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  30. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  31. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  32. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  33. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  34. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  35. ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  36. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  37. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  38. ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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