Toshigami

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Toshigami
Harvest, grain
File:Toshigami (Otoshi-no-kami).png
Other namesToshigami (大年神)
年神 or 歳神Japanese
Genealogy
Parents
SiblingsUkanomitama
Consorts
  • Ino-hime (伊怒比売)
  • Kaguyo-hime (香用比売)
  • Amechikarumizu-hime (天知迦流美豆比売)
OffspringOyamakui no Kami

Toshigami (年神 or 歳神, Toshigami or Tomo; lit. "year god"), also known as Ōtoshi-no-kami (大年神; lit. "great year god"), is a Japanese kami and a part of the Shinto pantheon.

Etymology

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The 年 (nen) kanji originally meant "harvest", which became "year" over time as harvest happened once each year. Toshigami was therefore the god of abundant harvests, and specifically of grain or rice.[1][2] The character 神 (kami) literally means "god" or "deity".

Mythology

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Parentage and siblings

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According to the Kojiki, Toshigami was the son of Susanoo and Kamuo Ichihime and the older brother of Ukanomitama.[1][2]

Family

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Toshigami had offspring through three different wives: Ino-hime (伊怒比売), Kaguyo-hime (香用比売), and Amechikarumizu-hime (天知迦流美豆比売).[1] Through Ino-hime, his children include Ohokuni-mitama (大国御魂神), Kara-kami (韓神),[3] Sofuri-kami (曾富理神), Shirahi-no-kami (白日神), and Hijiri-no-kami (聖神). His children by Kaguyo-hime include Ōkaguyama-tomi (大香山戸臣神) and Mitoshi-no-kami (御年神). With Amechikarumizu-hime, he had Okitsu-hiko-no-kami (奥津日子神), Okitsu-hime-no-mikoto (奥津比売命), Oyamakui-no-kami (大山咋神),[4] Niwa-tsuhi-no-kami (庭津日神), Asuha-no-kami, Hahiki-no-kami, Kaguyama-tomi-no-kami (香山戸臣神), Hayamato-no-kami (羽山戸神), Niwataka-tsuhi-no-kami (庭高津日神), and Ōtsuchi-no-kami (大土神).

Worship

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Toshigami is believed to visit homes at every New Year. The decorations put out for the new year, such as kadomatsu and the kagami mochi rice cakes, were originally offerings to him.

His home is believed to be on Shimokoshiki-shima Island, off the coast of Kagoshima Prefecture in Kyushu.

Toshigami's name refers to the rice harvest. In ancient Japan, Toshigami was also worshipped as a patron of good harvests at the start of the year, influencing Japanese new year's traditions.

Family tree

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Ōyamatsumi[5][6][7] Susanoo[8][9][10]: 277 
Kamuo Ichihime[6][7][11][12]
Konohanachiru-hime[13][10]: 277 Ashinazuchi[14][15]Tenazuchi[15]Toshigami[12][11]Ukanomitama[6][7]
(Inari)[16]
Oyamakui[17]
Kushinadahime[15][18][10]: 277 
Yashimajinumi[13][10]: 277 
Kagutsuchi[19]
Kuraokami[20]
Hikawahime (ja)[21][10]: 278 Fuha-no-Mojikunusunu (ja)[10]: 278 
Fukabuchi-no-Mizuyarehana (ja)[10]: 278 Ame-no-Tsudoechine (ja)[10]: 278 Funozuno (ja)[10]: 278 
Sashikuni Okami (ja)[10]: 278 Omizunu[10]: 278 Futemimi (ja)[10]: 278 
Sashikuni Wakahime (ja)[10]: 278 Ame-no-Fuyukinu[22][23][10]: 278 Takamimusubi[24][25]
Futodama[24][25]
Nunakawahime[26] Ōkuninushi[27][10]: 278 
(Ōnamuchi)[28]		Kamotaketsunumi no Mikoto[29]
Kotoshironushi[30][31] Tamakushi-hime[29] Takeminakata[32][33] Susa Clan[34]
File:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg
JAPANESE
EMPERORS
711–585 BC
File:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg
Jimmu[35]
660–585 BC(1) 		Himetataraisuzu-hime[35]Kamo no Okimi[30][36]Mirahime (ja)
632–549 BC
File:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg
Suizei[37][38][39]
581–549 BC(2)		 Isuzuyori-hime[36][40] Hikoyai[37][38][39] Kamuyaimimi[37][38][39]
d.577 BC		Miwa clan and Kamo clan Nunasokonakatsu-hime[41][30]
Imperial House of JapanŌ clan[42][43] and Aso clan[44]
  • Pink is female.
  • Blue is male.
  • Grey means other or unknown.
  • Clans, families, people groups are in green.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  2. ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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  5. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  6. ^ a b c Chamberlain (1882). Section XIX.—The Palace of Suga.
  7. ^ a b c Chamberlain (1882). Section XX.—The August Ancestors of the Deity-Master-of-the-Great-Land.
  8. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  9. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  11. ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  12. ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  13. ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  14. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  15. ^ a b c Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  16. ^ “‘My Own Inari’: Personalization of the Deity in Inari Worship.” Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 23, no. 1/2 (1996): 87-88
  17. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  18. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  19. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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  21. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  22. ^ Philippi, Donald L. (2015). Kojiki. Princeton University Press. p. 92.
  23. ^ Chamberlain (1882). Section XX.—The August Ancestors of the Deity-Master-Of-The-Great Land.
  24. ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  25. ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  26. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  27. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  28. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  29. ^ a b The Emperor's Clans: The Way of the Descendants, Aogaki Publishing, 2018.
  30. ^ a b c Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  31. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  32. ^ Sendai Kuji Hongi, Book 4 (先代舊事本紀 巻第四), in Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  33. ^ Chamberlain (1882). Section XXIV.—The Wooing of the Deity-of-Eight-Thousand-Spears.
  34. ^ Tanigawa Ken'ichi (de) 『日本の神々 神社と聖地 7 山陰』（新装復刊） 2000年 白水社 ISBN 978-4-560-02507-9
  35. ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  36. ^ a b 『神話の中のヒメたち　もうひとつの古事記』p94-97「初代皇后は「神の御子」」
  37. ^ a b c Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  38. ^ a b c Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  39. ^ a b c Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  40. ^ 『図説　歴代天皇紀』p42-43「綏靖天皇」
  41. ^ Anston, p. 143 (Vol. 1)
  42. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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  44. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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  • File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg The dictionary definition of toshigami at Wiktionary
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