Timeline of Essen

Template:SHORTDESC: The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Essen, Germany.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by editing the page to add missing items, with references to reliable sources.

Prior to 19th century

• 845 – Essen Abbey founded (approximate date).
• 971 – Mathilde, granddaughter of Otto I becomes abbess of Essen Abbey.
• 1012 – Sophia, daughter of Otto II becomes abbottess of the Essen Stift.
• 1041 – Essen receives rights to a market.
• 1244 – The association of the ministeriales of the Essen Abbey and the citizens of the town of Essen arrange for the Essen town walls to be erected.
• 1316 – Essen Minster (church) dedicated.
• 1390 – Essener Schützenverein (militia) formed.
• 1598 – Borbeck Castle rebuilt.
• 1736 – Neueste Essendische Nachrichten von Staats- und Gelehrten Sachen (Newest Essen News of State and Learned Matters) newspaper begins publication.
• 1797 – G. D. Baedeker Verlag bookseller in business.

19th century

• 1802 – Area occupied by Prussian troops.
• 1803
  • Essen Abbey secularized.
  • Franz Dinnendahl builds steam engine.
• 1810 – Krupp foundry in business.
• 1814 – Town becomes part of Prussia.
• 1822 – Town becomes part of the Rhine Province.
• 1841 – Simon Hirschland Bank in business.
• 1847 – Essen-Bergeborbeck station opens.
• 1849 – Population: 8,813.
• 1851 – Zollverein Coal Mine begins operating.
• 1862 – Essen Hauptbahnhof and Essen-Borbeck station open.
• 1866 – Fredebeul & Koenen booksellers in business.
• 1870 – Synagogue consecrated.
• 1871 – Town becomes part of the German Empire.
• 1872 – Neu-Westend developed.
• 1873 – Villa Hügel (Krupp residence) built.
• 1875 – Population: 54,790.
• 1880 – Historical Society for the City and Convent of Essen founded.
• 1881
  • Essener Turnerbund athletic club formed.
  • Beiträge zur Geschichte von Stadt und Stift Essen (journal of city history) begins publication.
• 1886 – Photographische Genossenschaft von Essen (photography group) founded.

City centre with factories in the background in the 1890s

• 1892 – City Theatre opens.
• 1893
  • Electric tram begins operating.
  • Rhenish-Westphalian Coal Syndicate headquartered in Essen.
• 1898 – Krupp's Essener Hof (hotel) built.
• 1899 – Essen Philharmonic Orchestra founded.

20th century

1900s–1940s

• 1901
  • Folkwang Museum founded.
  • Heinrich Koppers AG in business.
• 1905 – Population: 229,270.
• 1906
  • Essen Art Museum founded.
  • Gartenstadt Margarethenhöhe developed.
• 1908 – Moltkeviertel development begins.
• 1913
  • New Synagogue built.
  • Albrecht's shop in business (later Aldi chain supermarket).
• 1920 – Consulate of Poland opens.
• 1922 – Uhlenkrugstadion (stadium) built.

File:French enter Essen LCCN2014715614.jpg

French troops enter Essen, 1923

• 1923
  • Rot-Weiss Essen football club active.
  • French troops enter the city.
• 1924 – Filmstudio Glückauf (cinema) opens.
• 1925 – Essen/Mülheim Airport opens.
• 1927 – Grugapark Botanical Garden and Folkwang School for the arts open.
• 1928 – Lichtburg Playhouse (cinema) opens.
• 1929 – Werden becomes part of city.
• 1932 – Zollverein Mine Shaft 12 built.
• 1933 – Theodor Reismann-Grone becomes mayor.
• 1936 – Consulate of Poland relocated to Düsseldorf.
• 1937 – Just Dillgardt becomes mayor.
• 1939 – Stadion an der Hafenstraße (stadium) built.
• 1942 – March: Bombing of Essen by Allied forces begins.
• 1944
  • 2 January: Schwarze Poth forced labour camp established by the SS. Its prisoners were mostly Russians and Poles.
  • 17 May: Schwarze Poth forced labour camp converted into a subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp.
  • August: Humboldtstraße subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp established. Its prisoners were mostly Jewish women.
• 1945
  • March: Schwarze Poth and Humboldtstraße subcamps of Buchenwald dissolved. Prisoners deported to the main Buchenwald camp.
  • March: Bombing of Essen by Allied forces ends.
• 1946 – City becomes part of North Rhine-Westphalia.
• 1948
  • Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung (newspaper) begins publication.
  • Labour strike.
• 1949
  • Essen I, Essen II, and Essen III parliamentary districts created.
  • Hans Toussaint becomes mayor.

1950s–1990s

• 1951 – Amerikahaus built.
• 1957 – Roman Catholic Diocese of Essen founded.
• 1958 – Grugahalle sports arena opens.
• 1961 – Sammlung Industrieform (museum) opens.
• 1962 – City hosts the 1962 European Judo Championships.
• 1965
  • City hosts Bundesgartenschau (national horticulture biennial).
  • Little Theatre founded.
• 1968 – Essen Motor Show begins.

File:Essen, am Hauptbahnhof 1970 (3).jpg

Essen in 1970

• 1975 – Kettwig becomes part of city.
• 1979 – Essen City Hall built.
• 1983 – Spiel, world's biggest non-electronic game trade fair begins.
• 1988 – Aalto Theatre opens.
• 1989 – Annette Jäger becomes mayor.
• 1991 – Offener Kanal Essen television begins broadcasting.
• 1993 – City hosts the 1993 World Fencing Championships.
• 1994 – Stratmanns Theater Europahaus opens.
• 1996 – GOP Varieté Essen theatre opens.
• 1997 – Red Dot Design Museum active.
• 1999
  • ThyssenKrupp conglomerate headquartered in city.
  • Wolfgang Reiniger becomes mayor.
• 2000 – SGS Essen football club formed.

21st century

• 2001 – Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex becomes a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• 2002 – Abu Ali group, a jihadist cell with plans to bomb Jewish sites in Germany was arrested by the authorities
• 2003 – University of Duisburg-Essen established.
• 2009 – Reinhard Paß elected mayor.
• 2010 – City designated that year's European Capital of Culture on behalf of the entire Ruhr area.
• 2012
  • Stadion Essen (stadium) opens.
  • Population: 566,862.
• 2014 – June: Storm.
• 2015 – Thomas Kufen, CDU, becomes mayor.
• 2017 - City designated that year's European Green Capital.

See also

• History of Essen
• List of mayors of Essen
• History of the Ruhr, includes timeline
• Urbanization in the German Empire
• Timelines of other cities in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia:^(de) Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Dortmund, Duisburg, Düsseldorf, Münster

Bibliography

in English

• (fulltext)

External links

• Error creating thumbnail: File missing Media related to at Wikimedia Commons
• Europeana. Items about Essen, various dates.