Coordinates: 23°54′N 81°24′E / 23.9°N 81.4°E / 23.9; 81.4

Tiki Formation

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Tiki Formation
Stratigraphic range: Carnian-Norian
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofGondwana Group
Sub-unitsLower & Upper members
Lithology
PrimaryMudstone
OtherClaystone, sandstone
Location
CoordinatesLua error in Module:Coordinates at line 489: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Approximate paleocoordinatesLua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
RegionMadhya Pradesh
CountryIndia
Type section
Named forTiki village
Tiki Formation (India)
Tiki Formation (Madhya Pradesh)

The Tiki Formation is a Late Triassic (Carnian to Norian) geologic formation in Madhya Pradesh, northern India. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, although none have yet been referred to a specific genus.[1] Phytosaur remains attributable to the genus Volcanosuchus have also been found in the Tiki Formation.[2]

The genera Tikiodon, Tikitherium and Tikisuchus and species Rewaconodon tikiensis, Hyperodapedon tikiensis and Parvodus tikiensis have been named after the Tiki Formation.

Paleobiota

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Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Cynodonts

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Cynodonts of the Tiki Formation
Genus Species Material Notes
Gondwanadon[3][4] G. tapani A single molar A morganucodont
Inditherium[5] I. floris[5] Three postcanine teeth A dromatheriid
Rewaconodon[3] R. indicus[5] A partial jaw and three postcanine teeth A dromatheriid
R. tikiensis[6]
Ruberodon[3][7] R. roychowdhurii Five partial jaws A traversodontid
Tikiodon[3] T. cromptoni A single postcanine tooth A mammaliamorph
Tikitherium[3][8] T. copei A single postcanine tooth A mammaliaform. Initially described as a basal mammaliaform related to Docodonta, but later redescribed as a Neogene shrew fossil that was reworked into the older deposit.[9]
Cynodontia indet.

Reptiles

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Teeth similar to Galtonia, Protecovasaurus,[10] and Azendohsaurus[11] are known from the formation. Claws similar to shuvosaurids and dinosaurs[12] have also been reported, though their exact identification is questionable. Saurischian dinosaurs may have been present based on vertebrae and limb fragments.[13]

Reptiles of the Tiki Formation
Genus / Taxon Species Material Notes
Clevosaurus[14] C. nicholsi Jaw fragments A clevosaurid sphenodont
Colossosuchus[15] C. techniensis[15] Known from multiple skeletons, all likely died together A very large mystriosuchine phytosaur
Desmatosuchnae Indet.[16] osteoderms A stagonolepidid aetosaur
Hyperodapedon[6] H. huxleyi Rare maxillary tooth plates[6] A hyperodapedontine rhynchosaur, also known as Paradapedon.[17] This species is far more common in the coeval Lower Maleri Formation of central India.
H. tikiensis[18] Various cranial and postcranial elements A hyperodapedontine rhynchosaur
Parasuchus[19][6] P. hislopi Skulls A basal (non-mystriosuchine) phytosaur
Tikisuchus[19] T. romeri The skull and some postcranial elements of a young individual A putative rauisuchid
Volcanosuchus[20] V. statisticae[20] A skull A mystriosuchine phytosaur
Ornithischia indet.[21][6]
Phytosauria indet.[21][22]
Pseudosuchia indet.[23]
Sphenodontia indet.[11][21][6]
Theropoda indet.[19]

Amphibians

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Amphibians of the Tiki Formation
Genus Species Material Notes
Eodiscoglossus[6] E. sp An incomplete jaw A discoglossid frog
Compsocerops[24] C. tikiensis A chigutisaurid temnospondyl
Metoposaurus[19] M. sp. A metoposaurid temnospondyl
Panthasaurus P. maleriensis A metoposaurid temnospondyl

Fish

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Fishes of the Tiki Formation
Genus Species Material Notes
Cladodus[6] C. sp. Teeth A ctenacanth
Gnathorhiza G. sp.[25] Teeth A gnathorhizid lungfish
Lonchidion L. estesi A hybodont
L. encumbens A hybodont
Mooreodontus[11] M. indicus[26] Teeth A xenacanthid
M. jaini[26] Teeth
Pristrisodus[27] P. tikiensis[27] Teeth A hybodont, formerly known as Parvodus tikiensis and Lissodus duffini.[6]
Ptychoceratodus P. oldhami[25] Teeth A ptychoceratodontid lungfish
Tikiodontus[26] T. asymmetricus[26] Teeth A xenacanthid
Actinopterygii indet.[6]
Coelacanthidae indet.[6]

Flora

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Correlations

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The Tiki Formation is considered a temporal equivalent of the Lower Maleri Formation. The majority of the Tiki Formation correlates with the Ischigualasto Formation of Argentina, the upper part of the Santa Maria Formation, and the overlying lower Caturrita Formation of Brazil, the Isalo II Beds of Madagascar, Lossiemouth Sandstone of Scotland, and the lower Tecovas Formation of the Chinle Group of North America.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Weishampel et al., 2004, "Dinosaur distribution", pp. 517-607
  2. ^ Chatterjee, 1978
  3. ^ a b c d e Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  4. ^ Datta & Das, 1996
  5. ^ a b c Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Kumar & Sharma, 2019
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  11. ^ a b c Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  12. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  13. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  14. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  15. ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  16. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  17. ^ Lydekker, 1885
  18. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  19. ^ a b c d Chatterjee & Majumdar, 1987
  20. ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  21. ^ a b c Datta et al., 2005
  22. ^ Mukherjee & Ray, 2012
  23. ^ Huene, 1940
  24. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  25. ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  26. ^ a b c d Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  27. ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h Pal, 1984

Bibliography

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