Third Saudi state

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This article describes the origins and historical development of the current Saudi state. For information on its organization and structure, see Politics of Saudi Arabia.
Third Saudi State
الدَّولةُ السُّعوديَّة الثالثة (Arabic)
Motto: لا إله إلا الله، محمد رسول الله
Lā ilāha illa allāh, Muḥammadun rasūlu allāh
"There is no god but Allah, Muhammad is the Messenger of God"[1][a] (shahada)
Anthem: النشيد الوطني السعودي
"an-Našīd al-Waṭaniyy as-Suʿūdiyy"
"Chant of the Saudi Nation"
File:Saudi Unification Map.png
Capital
and largest city
Riyadh
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Official languagesArabic[5]
Common languagesArabic
Religion
Sunni Islam (official)[6]
Demonyms
GovernmentIslamic absolute monarchy
History 
13 January 1902
April 1913
2 November 1921
8 January 1926
• Saudi Arabia established
23 September 1932
Preceded by
File:Flag of the Emirate of Ha'il.svg Emirate of Jabal Shammar
File:Flag of Hejaz (1917).svg Kingdom of Hejaz
File:Flag of the Idrisid Emirate of Asir (1927-1930).svg Emirate of Asir
File:Flag of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen.svg Kingdom of Yemen
File:Blank.png Principality of Najran
File:Flag of Upper Asir.svg Sheikdom of Upper Asir

The Third Saudi state is the current Saudi state and heir to the two earlier states: the first and the second, founded by Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Rahman (also known as "Ibn Saud"), who managed to capture the city of Riyadh on January 13, 1902. A long series of conflicts and conquests ultimately led to the establishment of the modern and contemporary Saudi state, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

History

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The third Saudi state was known at the beginning of its reign as "the Emirate of Riyadh" (1902–1913) and "the Emirate of Nejd and Hasa" (1913–1921). After the overthrow of the rival Emirate of Ha'il gave the Emirate of Najd and Al-Ahsa control of the entire Nejd region, it became known as the Sultanate of Nejd. Abdul Aziz conquered the Kingdom of Hejaz in 1925. He raised Nejd to a kingdom in 1927, and his dominions became known as the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd and its annexes. Abdul Aziz administered the two portions of his dual kingdom separately until the annexation of the Southern Territory and the announcement of the establishment of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932.[7]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ The Shahādah (Statement of faith) is sometimes translated into English as 'There is no god but Allah', using the romanization of the Arabic word Allāh instead of its translation. The word Allāh (Arabic: اللَّٰه) literally translates as God.[2][3][4]

References

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  1. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  2. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  3. ^ 'Islam and Christianity', Encyclopedia of Christianity (2001): Arabic-speaking Christians and Jews also refer to God as Allah.
  4. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  5. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  6. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  7. ^ Madawi Al-Rasheed. A History of Saudi Arabia. Cambridge, England, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. 40.
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