Thermococci
| Thermococci | |
|---|---|
| File:Thermococcus gammatolerans.jpg | |
| Thermococcus gammatolerans | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Domain: | Archaea |
| Kingdom: | Methanobacteriati |
| Phylum: | Methanobacteriota |
| Class: | Thermococci Zillig and Reysenbach 2002[1] |
| Orders[1][2] | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Thermococci is a class of microbes within the Euryarchaeota.[2]
They live in extremely hot environments, such as hydrothermal vents,[3] and their optimal growth temperatures tend to be around 75 to 85 °C.[4] Thermococcus and Pyrococcus (literally "balls of fire") are both obligately anaerobic chemoorganotrophs.
Thermococcus prefers 70–95 °C and Pyrococcus 70-100 °C. Palaeococcus helgesonii, recently discovered in the Tyrrhenian Sea, is an aerobic chemoheterotrophic that grows at temperatures of 45–85 °C with an optimal temperature of 80 °C. Thermococcus gammatolerans sp. nov. was recently discovered in the Guaymas Basin, and it grows at temperatures from 55 to 95 °C with an optimal temperature around 88 °C with an optimal pH of 6. It has pronounced radioresistance and can survive gamma radiation at 30 kGy.[5]
Thermococcus grows on organic substrates where there is a higher capacity of elemental sulfur. This archaeon mostly grows between temperatures 60–100 degrees Celsius. The average temperature where they thrive is around 85 degrees Celsius.
The DNA structure has a circular genome with around 2,353 coding sequence, and 2,306 are identified.
Taxonomy
[edit | edit source]This class encompasses the hyperthermophilic[6][7] members of Methanobacteriota that have a sulfur-based anaerobic respiration.[7] There is only one widely recognized order within Thermococci, Thermococcales.[8] Another proposed but not yet widely accepted order is Candidatus Methanofastidiosales.[9] Thermococcales encompasses the family Thermococcaceae, which is composed of three genus: Palaeococcus, Pyrococcus and Thermococcus.[8] Palaeococcus encompasses 3 species, while Pyrococcus and Thermococcus encompass 24 and 179 species, respectively.[10]
Philogeny
[edit | edit source]See also
[edit | edit source]References
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Further reading
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