Sierra Otomi
| Sierra Otomi | |
|---|---|
| Highland Otomi | |
| Yųhų (Eastern Highland Otomi) Ñųhų (Texcatepec, Tenango) | |
| Native to | Mexico |
| Region | Puebla, Veracruz, Hidalgo |
Native speakers | (72,000 cited 1990–2007)[1] |
Oto-Manguean
| |
| Official status | |
| Regulated by | Secretaría de Educación Pública |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Variously:otm – Eastern Highlandotx – Texcatepecotn – Tenango |
| Glottolog | east2556 Eastern Highlandtexc1235 Texcatepectena1241 Tenango |
| ELP | Lua error in Module:Endangered_Languages_Project at line 21: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
Sierra Otomi a.k.a. Highland Otomi (Otomi de la Sierra) is a dialect cluster of the Otomi language spoken in Mexico by ca. 70,000 people in the highlands of Eastern Hidalgo, Western Veracruz and Northern Puebla. The speakers themselves call the language Yųhų (Eastern Highland) or Ñųhų (Texcatepec and Tenango).[2][3] Lastra 2001 classifies it as an Eastern Otomi language together with Ixtenco Otomi, Tilapa Otomi, and Acazulco Otomi.[4] The three varieties of Sierra Otomi—Eastern Highland, Texcatepec, and Tenango—are above 70% lexically similar; the Eastern Highland dialects are above 80%, and will be considered here.
Distribution
[edit | edit source]Municipalities with significant Sierra Otomi populations include the following (Dow 2005:236). Many of these municipalities also have Tepehua, Totonac, and Nahuatl speakers.
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Phonology
[edit | edit source]The phonemic inventory given below is based on the particular phonology of the Otomi de la Sierra dialect as documented by Voigtlander and Echegoyen (1985), phonemic inventories of other dialects vary slightly from that of Otomi de la Sierra.
Consonants
[edit | edit source]| Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ||||||||||
| Plosive | p | b | t | d | k | ɡ | ʔ | |||||
| Affricate | ts | dz | ||||||||||
| Fricative | ɸ | θ | ʃ | x | h | |||||||
| Flap | ɾ | |||||||||||
| Semivowel | j | w | ||||||||||
Vowels
[edit | edit source]| Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| oral | nasal | oral | nasal | oral | nasal | |
| Close | i | ĩ | ʉ | u | ũ | |
| Open-mid | e | ø | õ | |||
| Mid | ɛ | ɛ̃ | ɔ | |||
| Open | ɑ | ɑ̃ | ||||
Orthography
[edit | edit source]Alphabet
[edit | edit source]- a - [ɑ]
- a̱, ä - [ɔ]
- b - [b]
- ch - [t͡ʃ]
- d - [d]
- e - [e]
- e̱, ë - [ɛ]
- f - [ɸ]
- g - [g]
- h - [h]
- i - [i]
- j - [x]
- k - [k]
- l - [l]
- m - [m]
- n - [n]
- ñ - [ɲ]
- o - [ɔ/o]
- o̱ - [ø]
- p - [p]
- r - [ɾ]
- s - [s]
- t - [t]
- th - [θ]
- ts - [t͡s]
- u - [u/w]
- u̱, ʉ - [ʉ/ɨ]
- x - [ʃ]
- y - [j]
- z - [z/d͡z]
Other letters
[edit | edit source]- ą - [ɑ̃]
- ę - [ɛ̃]
- į - [ĩ]
- ǫ - [ɔ̃]
- ų - [ũ]
Tones
[edit | edit source]Tones are usually not marked.
- a - low tone
- á - high tone
- ǎ - rising tone
- à - falling tone[5][better source needed]
Notes
[edit | edit source]- ^ Eastern Highland at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Texcatepec at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Tenango at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) - ^ Lastra 2006, p. 57.
- ^ Wright Carr 2005a.
- ^ Lastra 2001.
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
References
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