Table of metaheuristics

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This is a chronological table of metaheuristic algorithms that only contains fundamental computational intelligence algorithms. Hybrid algorithms and multi-objective algorithms are not listed in the table below.

Categories

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  • Evolutionary-based
  • Trajectory-based
  • Nature-inspired
    • Swarm-based
    • Bio-inspired
    • Physics/Chemistry-based
    • Human-based
    • Plant-based
  • Art-inspired
  • Ancient-inspired

The table

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Name Abbreviation Main category Subcategory Year published Ref.
Simulated Annealing SA Trajectory-based - 1983 [1]
Tabu Search TS Trajectory-based - 1989 [2]
Genetic Algorithm GA Evolutionary-based - 1992 [3]
Evolutionary Algorithm EA Evolutionary-based - 1994
Cultural Algorithm CA 1994 [4]
Particle Swarm Optimization PSO Nature-inspired Swarm-based 1995 [5]
Differential Evolution DE Evolutionary-based - 1997 [6]
Local Search LS 1997
Variable neighborhood search VNS Trajectory-based - 1997 [7]
Guided Local Search GLS Trajectory-based - 1998 [8]
Clonal Selection Algorithm CSA Evolutionary-based - 2000 [9]
Harmony Search HS Evolutionary-based - 2001 [10]
Memetic Algorithm MA Evolutionary-based - 2002
Iterative Local Search ILS Trajectory-based - 2003 [11]
Artificial Bee Colony ABC Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2005 [12]
Ant Colony Optimization ACO Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2006 [13]
Glowworm Swarm Optimization GSO Nature-inspired Swarm-based 2006 [14]
Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm SFLA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2006 [15]
Invasive Weed Optimization IWO Nature-inspired Plant-based 2006 [16]
Seeker Optimization Algorithm SOA Nature-inspired Human-based 2006 [17]
Imperialistic Competitive Algorithm ICA Nature-inspired Human-based 2007 [18]
Central Force Optimization CFO 2007 [19]
Biogeography Based Optimization BBO Nature-inspired Human-based 2008 [20]
Firefly Algorithm FA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2008 [21]
Intelligent Water Drops IWD Nature-inspired Swarm-based 2008 [22]
Monkey Algorithm MA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2008 [23]
Cuckoo Search CS Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2009 [24]
Group Search Optimizer GSO Nature-inspired Swarm-based 2009 [25]
Key Cutting Algorithm KCA 2009 [26]
Hunting Search HS Nature-inspired Swarm-based 2009 [27]
Chemical Reaction Optimization CRO Nature-inspired Physics/Chemistry-based 2009 [28]
Bat Algorithm BA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2010 [29]
Charged System Search CSS Nature-inspired Physics/Chemistry-based 2010 [30]
Eagle Strategy ES Nature-inspired 2010
Fireworks Algorithm FWA 2010 [31]
Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm COA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2011 [32]
Stochastic Diffusion Search SDS 2011
Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization TLBO Nature-inspired Human-based 2011 [33]
Bacterial Colony Optimization BCO 2012 [34]
Fruit Fly Optimization FFO 2012
Krill Herd Algorithm KHA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2012 [35]
Migrating Birds Optimization MBO Nature-inspired Swarm-based 2012 [36]
Water Cycle Algorithm WCA 2012
Backtracking Search Algorithm BSA Evolutionary-based - 2013 [37]
Black Hole Algorithm BH Nature-inspired Physics/Chemistry-based 2013 [38]
Dolphin Echolocation DE Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2013 [39]
Animal Migration Optimization AMO Nature-inspired Swarm-based 2013 [40]
Keshtel Algorithm KA Nature-inspired 2014 [41]
SDA Optimization Algorithm SDA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2014 [42]
Artificial Root Foraging Algorithm ARFA Nature-inspired Plant-based 2014 [43]
Bumble Bees Mating Optimization BBMO 2014
Chicken Swarm Optimization CSO Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2014 [44]
Colliding Bodies Optimization CBO 2014 [45]
Coral Reefs Optimization Algorithm CROA 2014
Flower Pollination Algorithm FPA Nature-inspired Plant-based 2014 [46]
Radial Movement Optimization RMO Nature-inspired Swarm-based 2014 [47]
Spider Monkey Optimization SMO Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2014 [48]
Soccer League Competition SLC Nature-inspired Human-based 2014 [49]
Artificial Algae Algorithm AAA 2015 [50]
Adaptive Dimensional Search ADS 2015
Alienated Ant Algorithm AAA 2015
Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm AFSA Nature-inspired 2015
Bottlenose Dolphin Optimization BDO Nature-inspired 2015 [51]
Cricket Algorithm CA 2015 [52]
Elephant Search Algorithm ESA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2015 [53]
Grey Wolf Optimizer GWO Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2015 [54]
Jaguar Algorithm JA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2015 [55]
Locust Swarm Algorithm LSA Nature-inspired Swarm-based 2015 [56]
Moth-Flame Optimization MFO Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2015 [57]
Stochastic Fractal Search SFF Evolutionary-based - 2015 [58]
Vortex Search Algorithm VSA Nature-inspired Physics/Chemistry-based 2015 [59]
Water Wave Optimization WWA Nature-inspired Physics/Chemistry-based 2015 [60]
Ant Lion Optimizer ALO Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2015 [61]
African Buffalo Optimization ABO Nature-inspired Swarm-based 2015 [62]
Lightning Search Algorithm LSA Nature-inspired Physics/Chemistry-based 2015 [63]
Across Neighborhood Search ANS Evolutionary-based - 2016 [64]
Crow Search Algorithm CSA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2016 [65]
Electromagnetic Field Optimization EFO Nature-inspired Physics/Chemistry-based 2016 [66]
Joint Operations Algorithm JOA Nature-inspired Swarm-based 2016 [67]
Lion Optimization Algorithm LOA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2016 [68]
Sine Cosine Algorithm SCA Nature-inspired Physics/Chemistry-based 2016 [69]
Virus Colony Search VCS Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2016 [70]
Whale Optimization Algorithm WOA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2016 [71]
Red Deer Algorithm RDA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2016 [72]
Phototropic Optimization Algorithm POA Nature-inspired Plant-based 2018 [73]
Coyote Optimization Algorithm COA Nature-inspired Swarm-based 2018 [74]
Owl Search Algorithm OSA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2018 [75]
Squirrel Search Algorithm SSA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2018 [76]
Social Engineering Optimizer SEO Nature-inspired Human-based 2018 [77]
Emperor Penguin Optimizer EPO Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2018 [78]
Socio Evolution and Learning Optimization SELO Nature-inspired Human-based 2018 [79]
Future Search Algorithm FSA Nature-inspired Human-based 2019 [80]
Emperor Penguins Colony EPC Nature-inspired Swarm-based 2019 [81]
Thermal Exchange Optimization TEO Nature-inspired Physics/Chemistry-based 2019 [82]
Harris Hawks Optimization HHO Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2019 [83]
Political Optimizer PO Nature-inspired Human-based 2020 [84]
Heap-Based Optimizer HBO Nature-inspired Human-based 2020 [85]
Color Harmony Algorithm CHA Art-inspired Color-based 2020 [86]
Stochastic Paint Optimizer SPO Art-inspired Color-based 2020 [87]
Mayfly Optimization Algorithm MOA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2020 [88]
Giza Pyramids Construction GPC Ancient-inspired - 2020 [89]
Fire Hawk Optimizer FHO Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2022 [90]
Flying Fox Optimization Algorithm FFO Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2023 [91]
Waterwheel Plant Algorithm WWPA Nature-inspired Plant-based 2023 [92]
Energy Valley Optimizer EVO Nature-inspired Physics/Chemistry-based 2023 [93]
Special Forces Algorithm SFA Nature-inspired Swarm-based 2023 [94]
Squid Game Optimizer SGO Nature-inspired Human-based 2023 [95]
Snow Ablation Optimizer SAO Nature-inspired Physics/Chemistry-based 2023 [96]
Spider Wasp Optimization SWO Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2023 [97]
Dujiangyan Irrigation System DISO Ancient-inspired - 2023 [98]
Great Wall Construction Algorithm GWCA Ancient-inspired - 2023 [99]
Puma Optimizer PO Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2024 [100]
Walrus Optimizer WO Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2024 [101]
Divine Religions Algorithm DRA Evolutionary-based - 2025 [102]
Tianji’s Horse Racing Optimization THRO Ancient-inspired - 2025 [103]
Schrödinger Optimizer SRA Nature-inspired Physics/Chemistry-based 2025 [104]
Stellar Oscillation Optimizer SOO Nature-inspired Physics/Chemistry-based 2025 [105]
Dhole Optimization Algorithm DOA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2025 [106]
Hannibal Barca Optimizer HBO Ancient-inspired - 2025 [107]
Octopus Optimization Algorithm OOA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2025 [108]
Bitterling Colony Optimization BCO Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2025 [109]
Star Death SD Nature-inspired Physics/Chemistry-based 2025 [110]

References

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