Stephania
| Stephania | |
|---|---|
| File:Stephania cephalantha 玉咲葛藤 (天問) 001.jpg | |
| Stephania cephalantha | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Ranunculales |
| Family: | Menispermaceae |
| Subfamily: | Menispermoideae |
| Genus: | Stephania Lour. |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
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Stephania is a genus of flowering plants in the family Menispermaceae. It includes 70 species native to tropical and southern Africa, eastern and southern Asia, Australia, and the tropical Pacific Islands.[1][2] They are herbaceous perennial vines, growing to around four metres tall, with a large tuber. The leaves are arranged spirally on the stem and are peltate, with the leaf petiole attached near the centre of the leaf. The name Stephania comes from the Greek, "a crown". This refers to the anthers being arranged in a crown-like manner.[3]
One species, S. tetrandra, is among the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine, where it is called han fang ji (漢防己, "Chinese fang ji"). Other plants named fang ji are sometimes substituted for it. Other varieties substituted include Cocculus thunbergii, C. trulobus, Aristolochia fangchi, Stephania tetrandria, and Sinomenium acutum. Notable among these is guang fang ji (廣防己, "(GuangDong, GuangXi) fang ji", Aristolochia fangchi. Because of its toxicity, it is used in TCM only with great caution.
Species
[edit | edit source]70 species are accepted.[1][4][5]
- Stephania dictyoneura Stephania dielsiana
- Stephania dinklagei Stephania dolichopoda
- Stephania ebracteata Stephania elegans
- Stephania epigaea Stephania excentrica
- Stephania formanii Stephania glandulifera
- Stephania gracilenta Stephania grandiflora
- Stephania hainanensis Stephania herbacea
- Stephania intermedia Stephania japonica
- Jenjitt. & Ruchis. H.S.Lo
- Lour. H.S.Lo & M.Yang
- Diels Diels
- Forman Kundu & S.Guha
- Craib Craib
- N.H.Xia & V.T.Chinh Forman
- Lour. Diels
- H.S.Lo H.S.Lo
- (Blume) Spreng. Miq.
- Stephania abyssinica (Quart.-Dill. & A.Rich.) Walp.
- Stephania viridiflavens Stephania andamanica
- Diels Stephania kuinanensis
- Stephania lincangensis Stephania longipes
- Stephania bancroftii Stephania micrantha
- Stephania miyiensis Stephania montana
- F.M.Bailey Stephania officinarum
- Stephania pierrei Stephania psilophylla
- Stephania brachyandra Stephania salomonum
- Stephania suberosa Stephania succifera
- Diels H.S.Lo & M.Yang
- Stephania brevipedunculata C.Y.Wu & D.D.Tao
- Stephania brevipes Craib
- Stephania cambodica Gagnep.
- Stephania capitata (Blume) Spreng.
- Stephania cephalantha Hayata
- Stephania chingtungensis H.S.Lo
- Stephania corymbosa (Blume) Walp.
- Stephania crebra Forman
- Stephania cyanantha Welw. ex Hiern
- Stephania delavayi Diels
- Stephania dentifolia H.S.Lo & M.Yang
- Stephania dicentrinifera H.S.Lo & M.Yang
- Diels Y.C.Wu
- (Engl.) Diels Diels
- S.Y.Zhao & H.S.Lo Hook.f. & Thomson
- H.S.Lo H.S.Lo
- Kundu & S.Guha Miers
- Miers Forman
- H.S.Lo & Y.Tsoong Gagnep.
- H.S.Lo (Thunb.) Miers
- H.S.Lo & M.Yang H.S.Lo & M.Yang
- H.S.Lo H.S.Lo & B.N.Chang
- H.S.Lo & M.Yang S.Y.Zhao & H.S.Lo
- Diels Heng C.Wang
- H.S.Lo & M.Yang Diels
- (C.Presl) Forman Forman
- Diels Forman
- H.S.Lo & Y.Tsoong Forman
- (Arn. ex Wight) Dunn Stephania tuberosa
- Stephania yunnanensis Stephania kaweesakii
- Stephania kwangsiensis Stephania longa
- Stephania macrantha Stephania merrillii
- Stephania mildbraedii Stephania moluccana
- Stephania neoguineensis Stephania oblata
- Stephania papillosa Stephania polygona
- Stephania renifolia Stephania rotunda
- Stephania sinica Stephania subpeltata
- Stephania sutchuenensis Forman
- H.S.Lo Stephania zippeliana
- Stephania wightii Stephania venosa
- Stephania tomentella Stephania reticulata
- Stephania novenanthera Stephania mashanica
- Fossil species
- Stephania palaeosudamericana Herrera et al.
- Formerly placed here
- Botryodiscia tetrandra (S.Moore) L.Lian & Wei Wang (as Stephania tetrandra S.Moore)[6]
Toxicity
[edit | edit source]
There is evidence that a few species of Stephania are toxic.[7] However, the most commonly available species in the United States, Stephania tetrandra, has not been shown to be toxic. Any confusion regarding the possible toxicity of Stephania tetrandra was entirely due to an inadvertent shipment of Aristolochia fangchi sent in its stead to a Belgian clinic in 1993. The errant batch of Aristolochia was later confirmed via phytochemical analysis.[8]
Chemistry
[edit | edit source]Chemical investigation of Stephania rotunda Lour. growing in Vietnam in 2005 led to the isolation and structural elucidation of three new alkaloids, 5-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one, thaicanine 4-O-beta-D-glucoside, as well as (−)-thaicanine N-oxide (4-hydroxycorynoxidine), along with 23 known alkaloids.[9]
References
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- ^ [1] Journal of Ethnopharmacology 132 (2010). p. 380
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External links
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- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- Introduction to Rotundine
- Flora of China: Stephania species list
- Flora of Nepal: Stephania species list
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