Stellispongiida
| Stellispongiida Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
| File:Matmor calcisponge Peronidella.jpg | |
| Peronidella sp. (family Stellispongiidae) from the Middle Jurassic of Israel | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Porifera |
| Class: | Calcarea |
| Subclass: | Calcaronea |
| Order: | †Stellispongiida Finks & Rigby, 2004 |
| Subgroups | |
|
see text. | |
Stellispongiida is an order of calcareous sponges, most or all of which are extinct. Stellispongiids are one of several unrelated sponge groups described as "inozoans", a name referring to sponges with a hypermineralized calcitic skeleton independent from their spicules. Stellispongiids have a solid skeleton (without chambers) encasing calcite spicules arranged in trabeculae (column-like structures).[1][2] "Inozoans" and the similar "sphinctozoans" were historically grouped together in the polyphyletic order Pharetronida.[2]
Stellispongiids survived from the Permian to the Cenozoic, at least up to the Miocene Epoch.[1] They comprised the majority of "inozoan" diversity in the Cretaceous Period, though their distribution was mostly restricted to Europe.[2] The Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology (2004) places the living sponge family Lelapiidae within Stellispongiida,[1] though Systema Porifera (2002) places Lelapiidae within the order Leucosolenida.[3][4]
Subgroups
[edit | edit source]- Family †Endostomatidae Finks & Rigby, 2004 [Lower Triassic?–Eocene]
- Family Lelapiidae? Dendy & Row, 1913 [Holocene]
- Family †Stellispongiidae Laubenfels, 1955 [Permian–Miocene]
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ a b c Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part E, Revised. Porifera, Volume 3: Classes Demospongea, Hexactinellida, Heteractinida & Calcarea, xxxi + 872 p., 506 fig., 1 table, 2004, available here. Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value)..
- ^ a b c Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part E, Revised. Porifera, Volumes 4 & 5: Hypercalcified Porifera, Paleozoic Stromatoporoidea & Archaeocyatha, liii + 1223 p., 665 figs., 2015, available here. Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value)..
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