Standard Persian
| Standard Persian | |
|---|---|
| فارسی معیار | |
| Native to | |
Native speakers | 70 million[3] (110 million total speakers)[4] |
Standard forms | |
| |
| Official status | |
Official language in |
|
| Regulated by |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | fa |
| ISO 639-2 | per (B) fas (T) |
| ISO 639-3 | fas |
| Glottolog | fars1254 |
| ELP | Lua error in Module:Endangered_Languages_Project at line 21: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| Linguasphere | 58-AAC (Wider Persian) > 58-AAC-c (Central Persian) |
 Areas with significant numbers of people whose first language is Persian (including dialects) | |
Standard Persian (Persian: فارسی معیار) is the standard variety of Persian that is the official language of Iran[5] and Tajikistan[6] and one of the two official languages of Afghanistan.[7] It is a set of spoken and written formal varieties used by the educated persophones of several nations around the world.[8]
As Persian is a pluricentric language, Standard Persian encompasses various linguistic norms (consisting of prescribed usage). Standard Persian practically has three standard varieties with official status in Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan. The standard forms of the three are based on the Tehrani, Kabuli, and Bukharan varieties, respectively.[9][10]
Written standards
[edit | edit source]The Persian alphabet is used for both Persian (Iranian) and Dari (Afghan). Traditionally, Tajiki is also written with Perso-Arabic script. In order to increase literacy, a Latin alphabet (based on the Common Turkic Alphabet) was introduced in 1917. Later in the late 1930s, the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic promoted the use of Cyrillic alphabet, which remains the most widely used system today. Attempts to reintroduce the Perso-Arabic script were made.[11]
See also
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References
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- ^ a b Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran: Chapter II, Article 15: "The official language and script of Iran, the lingua franca of its people, is Persian. Official documents, correspondence, and texts, as well as text-books, must be in this language and script. However, the use of regional and tribal languages in the press and mass media, as well as for teaching of their literature in schools, is allowed in addition to Persian."
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- ^ 'Tajikistan to use Persian alphabet,' Iranian website says. Tajikistan News ASIA-Plus. Published 3 May 2008, retrieved 9 April 2019.