Spirostreptida
| Spirostreptida Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
| File:Orthoporus spp New Mexico.jpg | |
| Orthoporus sp. (Spirostreptidae) from North America | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Myriapoda |
| Class: | Diplopoda |
| Superorder: | Juliformia |
| Order: | Spirostreptida Brandt, 1833 |
| Families | |
|
10: see text. | |
Spirostreptida is an order of long, cylindrical millipedes. There are approximately 1000 described species,[1] making Spirostreptida the third largest order of millipedes after Polydesmida and Chordeumatida.
Description
[edit | edit source]Spirostreptida are generally large, long and cylindrical, with 30 to 90 body rings. Eyes are present in most.[2] This order contains the longest millipedes known: the giant African millipedes of the genus Archispirostreptus that may exceed 30 centimetres (12 in).[2]
Distribution
[edit | edit source]Spirostreptida contains mainly tropical species, and occurs in Africa, Southern Asia to Japan, Australia, and the Western Hemisphere from the United States to Argentina.[3]
Evolutionary history
[edit | edit source]Like most millipede groups, they have a fragmentary fossil record. The oldest record of the group is the extinct family Electrocambalidae, which is known from the Burmese amber of Myanmar, dating to the Cenomanian stage of the Late Cretaceous around 99 million years ago, which belongs to the suborder Cambalidea. The only other fossil records of the group are Protosilvestria from the Oligocene of France, which belongs to either Cambalidae or Cambalopsidae, and an undescribed species of Epinannolene (Pseudonannolenidae) from the Miocene aged Dominican amber.[4]
Classification
[edit | edit source]
The order comprises two suborders, Cambalidea and Spirostreptidea, the latter further divided into two superfamilies.[1]
Suborder Cambalidea
- Cambalidae
- Cambalopsidae (includes the former Glyphiulidae and Pericambalidae)[1]
- Choctellidae
- Iulomorphidae
- Pseudonannolenidae
- †Electrocambalidae
Suborder Spirostreptidea
- Superfamily Odontopygoidea
- Superfamily Spirostreptoidea
Select species
[edit | edit source]- Phyllogonostreptus nigrolabiatus- a large species from India
- Spinotarsus caboverdus- a species that has become an agricultural pest in Cape Verde
References
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External links
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- Error creating thumbnail: File missing Media related to Lua error in Module:Commons_link at line 62: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). at Wikimedia Commons
- File:Wikispecies-logo.svg Data related to Spirostreptida at Wikispecies
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