Spirodela
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| Spirodela | |
|---|---|
| File:SpirodelaPolyrhiza.jpg | |
| Spirodela polyrrhiza | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Alismatales |
| Family: | Araceae |
| Subfamily: | Lemnoideae |
| Genus: | Spirodela Schleid.[1] |
| Synonyms[1] | |
|
Landoltia Les & D.J.Crawford | |
Spirodela is a genus of aquatic plants, one of several genera containing plants commonly called duckweed. Spirodela species are members of the Araceae under the APG II system. They were formerly members of the Lemnaceae.[2][3]
Description
[edit | edit source]Spirodela species are free-floating plants that have their stem transformed into leaf-like structures called fronds; each plant is represented by a frond with roots, therefore they do not have leaves.[4] Two to five plants may remain connected to each other.
Plants are green, but may turn red due to the presence of anthocyanin.[4] Multiple roots (5 to 20, depending on the species) emerge from each frond. Spirodela is larger (10 mm (0.39 in)) than Lemna (2 mm (0.079 in) – 5 mm (0.20 in), with one root per frond).[5]
Certain species of Spirodela overwinter as turions, dormant starchy shoots[4] that lack air pockets, which sink to the bottom of the water. In spring, turions rise to the surface and germinate.
Spirodela often forms floating mats with related species (e.g. Lemna and Wolffia).
The genus is cosmopolitan in distribution.[1]
Species
[edit | edit source]As of December 2025[update], Plants of the World Online accepts the following four species:[1]
- Spirodela oligorrhiza (Kurz) Hegelm.
- Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid.
- Spirodela punctata (G.Mey.) C.H.Thomps.
- Spirodela sichuanensis M.G.Liu & K.M.Xie
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ a b c d Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Govaerts, R. & Frodin, D.G. (2002). World Checklist and Bibliography of Araceae (and Acoraceae): 1-560. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- ^ Landolt, E. (1986) Biosystematic investigations in the family of duckweeds (Lemnaceae). Vol. 2. The family of Lemnaceae - A monographic study. Part 1 of the monograph: Morphology; karyology; ecology; geographic distribution; systematic position; nomenclature; descriptions. Veröff. Geobot. Inst., Stiftung Rübel, ETH, Zurich.
- ^ a b c Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Flora of North America
External links
[edit | edit source]- Armstrong, W. (2005) Wayne Armstrong's treatment of the Lemnaceae Archived 2012-05-16 at the Wayback Machine.
- Cross, J.W. (2006). The Charms of Duckweed.
- The Duckweed Genome Project
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