Spiro Koleka

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Not to be confused with Spiro Jorgo Koleka.
Spiro Koleka
Minister of Industry and Construction
In office
24 July 1953 – 23 July 1954
Prime MinisterEnver Hoxha
Preceded byAdil Çarçani
Succeeded byXhafer Spahiu
Minister of Communications
In office
October 1948 – ?
Prime MinisterEnver Hoxha
Other positions
Deputy Prime Minister of Albania
In office
1 November 1968 – 13 November 1976
Serving with Beqir Balluku, Haki Toska, Adil Çarçani, Xhafer Spahiu, Abdyl Këllezi, and Petro Dode
Prime MinisterMehmet Shehu
In office
4 July 1956 – 18 March 1966
Serving with Beqir Balluku, Manush Myftiu, and Gogo Nushi
Prime MinisterMehmet Shehu
In office
1 November 1949 – 24 September 1953
Serving with Mehmet Shehu, Tuk Jakova, Hysni Kapo, Spiro Pano, Manush Myftiu, Gogo Nushi, and Bedri Spahiu
Prime MinisterEnver Hoxha
Chairman of the State Planning Commission
In office
18 March 1966 – 1 March 1968
In office
23 July 1954 – 21 June 1958
In office
1 November 1949 – 5 July 1950
Personal details
Born(1908-07-07)7 July 1908
Vuno, Janina Vilayet, Ottoman Empire (now Albania)
Died22 August 2001(2001-08-22) (aged 93)
Tirana, Albania
PartyParty of Labour of Albania
SpouseLica Koleka
RelativesEdi Rama (maternal-line descendant through Kolekas grandniece Aneta Koleka), Spiro Jorgo Koleka (Cousin)
Alma materUniversity of Pisa
SignatureFile:Spiro Koleka (nënshkrim).svg
Central institution membership

Spiro Koleka (7 July 1908 – 22 August 2001) was an important Albanian statesman, communist politician and a high-ranking military officer during World War II. He was a civil engineer by profession. Spiro Koleka served as a parliament member in all legislatures from 1944 until 1990.[1] Koleka was a member of the Politburo of the Party of Labor of Albania during the years 1948 to 1981. As part of his political career he also served as Chairman of the State Planning Commission, Minister of Industry and Construction of Albania, as well as Vice Prime Minister.

Ethnicity

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British academics James Pettifer and Miranda Vickers report that Spiro Koleka was wholly or partly Greek, coming from the village of Himara, which is predominantly ethnic Greek,[2][3][4][5] which would make him one of the few members of the Greek minority serving in the Socialist People's Republic of Albania political system.[6] Spiro Koleka's family was from Vuno, and his clan has had a patriotic Albanian background. In particular, a member of the Koleka clan was Spiro Jorgo Koleka (1879 or 1880–1940),[7] a leader of the Albanian national movement and later interwar government minister.[8]

Edi Rama, a maternal descendant of the Koleka family, has said that the family originates from Mirdita, and that the surname was derived from an ancestor named Kol Leka.[9][10][11]

Life and career

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Koleka was born in the village of Vuno. After completing his secondary education in the Italo–Albanian college of San Demetrio Corone (Collegio of Sant'Adriano), in the Italian province of Cosenza, Spiro Koleka continued his higher education at the University of Pisa (1930–1934) where he graduated as a civil engineer.[12] After his return to Albania, he was involved in anti-Zogist and anti-Italian activities;[13] in 1935 he participated in the Fier rebellion against King Zog and shortly after found himself arrested by the authorities.[12]

During 1937–39 Spiro Koleka travelled extensively in Italy while taking an active part in the resistance against the Italian occupation of Albania.[12] Upon the Italian occupation (7 April 1939) he fled to Yugoslavia, but returned to Albania in December 1939.[13] During 1940–41 he began cooperating with the communist resistance underground while at the same time co-founding and running the Mani and Koleka Engineering Company.[12] Koleka was elected as a member of the General Council and of the General Staff of the Communist Party of Albania at the Labinot Conference (1943).[13] In May 1944, he was appointed Minister of Public Works at the Pennet Conference, officially in October as part of the first of Hoxha's governments.[13]

In October 1948 he became Minister of Communications, and then also President of the State Planning Commission in November 1948.[13] He was a member of the Politburo.[13] Koleka was part of the Trade Delegation's visit to Moscow in 1949.[13] In November 1949 he became Deputy Prime Minister.[13] In the capacity of Deputy Prime Minister, Koleka presented in 1952 the very first Five-Year Plan for the economy.[14]

Koleka was often accused by various members of the Greek minority for its role in the forced dislocation of their compatriots.[15]

In 1966, he was again appointed chairman of the State Planning Commission.[16]

Koleka's background and experience as a technocrat allowed him to lead numerous economic and political delegations of the time to many East European countries, including the Soviet Union.[17] Moreover, he was reported by the national and international press to be the chief architect of Albanian industrial development which was the backbone of the program of the Albanian Workers' Party after the Second World War.[17]

Awards

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  • Albanian Medal of Freedom, First Class[18]
  • Yugoslav Partisan Star[19]

References

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  7. ^ Kondo, Anastas (31 August 2001). "U nda nga jeta ish anëtari I shtabit të përgjithshëm të ushtrisë NÇL, shoku Spiro Koleka. [A former member of the Army General Staff of the National Liberation Front passed away, our friend Spiro Koleka]". Kushtrim Brezash. Retrieved 8 August 2015. "Lindi në një familje me tradita të zjarrta patriotike. Një tjetër Spiro Koleka I fisit të tij, qe ministër i qeverisë së Tiranës më 1920, dhe një nga organizatorët e Luftës së Vlorës, që e hodhi Italinë në det. [Born into a family of an ardent patriotic tradition. Another Spiro Koleka of his clan, that was a Tirana government minister in 1920, and one of the organizers of the War of Vlora, who threw the Italians into the sea.]
  8. ^ Meta, Beqir (2008). "Ballafaqimi shqiptaro-grek për Himarën (1920–1924) [Greek-Albanian confrontation in Himara (1920–1924)]." Studime Historike. 1-2: 43: "Pas mbarimit të Luftës I Botërore lëvizja atdhetare shqiptare në Himarë u rigjallërua. Një vend të veçantë luajti Spiro Gogo Koleka, i cili ndihmoi për mbledhjen e Kongresit të Lushnjës dhe zbatimin e vendimeve të tij. Ai bashkë me patriotë të tjerë ishte nënshkruesi i mjaft dokumenteve dërguar përfaqësuesve të Fuqive të Mëdha në Konferencën e Paqes, në të cilat kundërshtohej çdo përpjekje për aneksimin e Vlorës dhe Himarës1. Në maj të vitit 1920 Spiro G. Koleka u caktua anëtar i qeverisë kombëtare. Ai më vonë u bë njëri nga organizatorët e Luftës së Vlorës kundër italianëve, në të cilën morën pjesë edhe himarjotë të tjerë." "[After the end of World War I, the Albanian patriotic movement in Himarë was revived. A special place Spiro Gogo Koleka played, who assisted at the gathering of the Congress of Lushnja and implementation of its decisions. He and other patriots were signatory to many documents sent to the representatives of the Great Powers during the Peace Conference, that opposed any attempt to annex Vlora and Himarë. In May 1920 Spiro G. Koleka was appointed member of the national government. He later became one of the organizers of the Vlora War against the Italians, where other Himariots participated.]"
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  15. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). " Οι Βόρειοι Υπεριώτες πρόσφυγες της Ελλάδας, συχνά κατηγορούν συμπατριώτες τους ως υπαίτιους για τους εκτοπισμούς. Ο Γιώργος (Γκόγκος) Νούσης από τον Βουνό της Χημιάρς και ο επίσης Χιμαραίος Σπύρος Κολέκας, κατηγορούνται την εμπλοκή τους σε πολλές αποφάσεις εκτοπισμών, συμπατριωτών τους. Οι εξόριστοι γράφονται στα δημοτολόγια τον νέων τόπων όπου υποχρεούνται να διαμείνουν, ως αυτόχθονες Αλβανοί, τους επιβάλλεται η απαγόρευση της ομιλίας στην ηθική τους γλώσσα κ.α. [The Northern Epiriot refugees in Greece, often accuse their compatriots as perpetrators of the deportations. George (Gogo) Nushi from Vuno in Himara and also Himariot Spiro Koleka are accused in their involvement in many decisions displacements, of their compatriots. The exiles written to the registries of new sites where required to reside as indigenous Albanians, while a ban was imposed on speaking the language etc.]"
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