Sinomicrurus macclellandi

Sinomicrurus macclellandi
File:Sinomicrurus macclellandi (cropped).jpg
Conservation status
Least Concern Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Suborder:	Serpentes
Family:	Elapidae
Genus:	Sinomicrurus
Species:	S. macclellandi
Binomial name
Sinomicrurus macclellandi (J.T. Reinhardt, 1844)
Synonyms
Elaps macclellandi J.T. Reinhardt, 1844 Calliophis macclellandii [sic] — Stejneger, 1907 Callophis maclellandii [sic] – Wall, 1908 Hemibungarus macclellandi — Golay et al., 1993 Micrurus macclellandi — Welch, 1994 Sinomicrurus macclellandi — Slowinski et al., 2001

Sinomicrurus macclellandi, commonly known as MacClelland's coral snake, is a species of venomous snake in the family Elapidae. The species is native to southern and eastern Asia. There are three recognized subspecies.

Etymology

The specific name, macclellandi, is in honor of John McClelland, a physician and naturalist, who worked for the East India Company.

Description

Sinomicrurus macclellandi is a small snake, about 40–80 centimetres (16–31 in) in total length (tail included), and has a thin body. Dorsally, it is reddish-brown, with thin, black cross bars, and its belly is creamy white. The head is small, round and black in color, with a broad, creamy white transverse band, and black outlines at the middle of the head. The dorsal scales on the body are smooth, and they are arranged, at midbody, in 13 parallel longitudinal rows.

Geographic range

Sinomicrurus macclellandi is found in northern and northeastern India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, northern Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, central and southern China (including Hong Kong, Hainan, north to Gansu and Shaanxi), Taiwan, and the Ryukyu Islands (Japan). It is also found in Laos. It has been recorded from elevations of 150–2,483 m (492–8,146 ft).

Subspecies

Three subspecies are recognized as being valid, including the nominate subspecies:

• Sinomicrurus macclellandi macclellandi (J.T. Reinhardt, 1844)
• Sinomicrurus macclellandi nigriventer (Wall, 1908) – India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand)
• Sinomicrurus macclellandi univirgatus (Günther, 1858) – Nepal, India (Sikkim

Behavior and habitat

Sinomicrurus macclellandi is mainly nocturnal and terrestrial. It occurs in forest litter, hillside, and lowland. It is often found hiding under leaves. Although this is a venomous species, it is quite docile and not likely to strike actively.

Diet

Sinomicrurus macclellandi preys on small reptiles, such as lizards and snakes.

Venom

Like other elapids, Sinomicrurus macclellandi possesses a potent neurotoxic venom, which is capable of killing a person. Bite symptoms include numbness of lips and difficulty of speech and breathing, followed by blurred vision. Severe bite victims may die of instant heart failure, although there have been only a few human deaths recorded in Thailand.

Reproduction

Sinomicrurus macclellandi is an oviparous species. Mature females lay clutches of 6–14 eggs.

Further reading

• Boulenger GA (1896). Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the Colubridæ (Opisthoglyphæ and Proteroglyphæ) .... London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I–XXV. ("Callophis [sic] macclellandii [sic]", pp. 398–399).
• Reinhardt JT (1844). "Description of a new species of venomous snake, Elaps macclellandi ". Calcutta Journal of Natural History 4: 532–534.
• Reinhardt JT (1861). "Herpetologiske Middelelser. II. Beskrivelser af nogle nye til Calamariernes Familie henhörende Slänger ". Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske Forening i Kjöbenhavn 2 [1860]: 229–250. (in Danish).
• Slowinski, Joseph B.; Boundy, Jeff; Lawson, R. (2001). "The phylogenetic relationships of Asian coral snakes (Elapidae: Calliophis and Maticora) based on morphological and molecular characters". Herpetologica 57 (2): 233–245.
• Smith MA (1943). The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III.—Serpentes. London: Secretary of State for India. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xii + 583 pp. ("Callophis [sic] macclellandi ", pp. 423–425, Figure 135).
• Eye on Nature Series (2006). "[Tracking the snake shadow: terrestrial viper illustrations]". In: [A field guide to the venomous land snakes of Hong Kong ]. Country Parks Cosmos Books Ltd. . (in Chinese).

External links

• Calliophis macclellandi at Living Hazards Database.